Leongard Frank Biography

He was a native of a democratic environment, the son of a carpenter. The young man tried a lot of different professions, but his deepest hobby was a painting that he wanted to devote his whole life. The first book of Frank is the “Robber Gang” Die Rauberbande, published in this novel, a series of books about the hometown of Franca Würzburg was launched.

The novel describes the Würzburg adolescents, dissatisfied with the joylessness and boredom of the philistine being. They hate Sadist Magher teachers, their parents annoy them with their pellets. In their imagination, teenagers created a bright and colorful world. They gather in the dungeon of an abandoned castle, imagining themselves by Schiller's robbers, fighters for justice. Over the years, their dreams of exploits and extraordinary life have faded.

The failed rebels became ordinary inhabitants, and only one of them, Michael Fircante image is largely autobiographical, remained faithful to a romantic dream. He is wandering, starving, selflessly engaged in painting. But being hunted, he ends with suicide. In this complex and contradictory in the ideological and artistic sense of the book, a protest against social injustice took an individualistic form.

Frank was one of the first German writers who raised their vote against the world war. For this reason, he was forced to leave Germany, covered by chauvinistic psychosis, and settle in neutral Switzerland, where he published a well -known pacifist book “Good” Der Mensch Ist GUT, the expressionistic manner in the novels of this collection was manifested even more than in the first novel.

The prose of the book is unusual. So, for example, the novel “Father” is a largely excited internal monologue of Cologne Robert, shocked by the news of the death of the only son in the war. This monologue develops into an angry preaching against the war, and it sounds like exalted oratory. The novel "Mother" was also built. Frank stood in the positions of liberal pacifism. He has a very vague idea of ​​the social causes of wars and ways of fighting them.

Here is how Robert argues on this score: “Our enemy is not a Frenchman, not an Englishman and not a Russian lack of love - this is our enemy and the cause of all wars. All of Europe is crying, because all of Europe is not able to love anymore. ” In the x Frank gets acquainted with the ideas of scientific socialism, comes closer to such revolutionary writers as Bekher, Brecht, Kish, etc., he shows interest in the liberation struggle of the proletariat and in the novel Burger Der Burger, considers the issue of possible allies of the working class in the revolutionary movement.

The greater maturity of political thinking and the strengthening of realistic skill is characterized by a talented short story “in the last car” Im Letzten Wagen, where each character has been given a clear socio-political characteristic. Among the passengers of a soft car, representing a bourgeois Germany in miniature, the reader sees a banker, a businessman, a priest, and the newspaper editor.

For the time being, they have a decorous conversation in the spirit of official propaganda, but at a moment of mortal danger, the wagon is discharged from the train and rushes to the bias towards the catastrophe dumping the mask of fragrance and only care about their own salvation at the expense of the neighbor. The manifestation of genuine humanity and solidarity was found only in a worker who accidentally found himself in a car.

He thinks the least about his own salvation, and comes to the rescue of someone who really needs it. To understand the ideological and artistic evolution of the writer of the end of the X-early xg. They belong to the Würzburg novels and adjoin the "robber gang." In them, the reader meets again with the heroes of the first work, which became adults. The novel depicts the fate of three of the three millionth army of the unemployed.

In search of work, they wander around Germany. The author conditionally calls his heroes “secretary”, “tailor” and “worker”, does not talk about their past. In this emphasized abstraction of images, in abstractness from individual, specific features, the expressionistic manner of the writer again affected. As an expressionist, he chooses an unusual, almost fantastic plot of situation: some eccentric Englishman gives this three pounds, which gives them the opportunity to get to South America, in which they had long dreamed of finding their happiness.

The expressionistic manner of writing in Frank is peculiarly combined with realistic. He in many ways acts as a realist, depicting the terrible fate of the unemployed, poverty, disorder of life. Researchers also note the realistic nature of the language of Frank - simple, concise, accurate. In this regard, it is appropriate to recall one of the confessions of the writer who, his teachers called the great realists of Dostoevsky, L.

Tolstoy, Flaubert. In the city, the writer spent many years in exile, yearning for his homeland. The events of the novel are again taking place in Würzburg.More recently, it was a beautiful city, and now it is bombed by American aircraft for refusing the SS command to surrender. In this novel, the bracket is not Würzburg and not the inhabitants of the Würzburg, but the bloody monsters of the Nazi regime.

To brand them was a matter of conscience for me. ” In this work, as in the first novel “Robber Gang”, are the Würzburg adolescents who create a secret organization to help the disadvantaged. Their motto is expressed in the words: "We, the students of Jesus, the intercessors of justice, take from the rich, who have everything, and give the poor, who have nothing." Acting in accordance with this principle, students fall into complex, and sometimes funny situations.

In this book, Frank showed that there were still many of the last of Hitler, neo -Nazis, whom he did not teach anything the defeat of fascism, and they are preparing to start all over again. These are Zwishelsal, scarf, zik and others. The book testified to the ongoing ideological and artistic evolution of the writer. At the end of it, very meaningful words are given: “He believes that the course of history along the main development path, it is necessary to lead to the socialist structure of the economy, he believes that the economic system of self -interest and purebang sympathizing with socialism, Frank vaguely imagined real ways, the conditions that lead to a socialist future.

But, as Bekher said, Frank had a natural ability to distinguish between truth and falsehood, good and evil, and he was on the side of those who fought for justice, against social evil.