Biography of the city of Tula

A city with a population of about thousands of people is located on a Central Russian Upland on the banks of the Upa River, an Oka tributary, and is included in the list of 50 largest cities in Russia. Tula is located south of Moscow. Through the city and in the immediate vicinity of it passes of federal significance Moscow-Crime and Kaluga-Tula-Ryazan. Tula is one of the oldest cities in Russia.

It is first mentioned in the Nikon Chronicle of the 16th century. Mentioning the military operations of the year in the story of how the Novgorod-Seversky prince, fleeing from warlike brothers, disappeared into the forests of Vyatichi and then with the remaining army went to collect tribute from Tula and other cities, Nikon says this: “Svyatoslav Olgovich, the idea in Ryazan, and formerly in Tula, and in the oak, and in the Duna, and in Yelze, and in Yelets, and in Yelze.

And in Pronsk, and having come to Ryazan on the Oka. ” It can be concluded from this that by the time of the first mention the city already existed, but it is impossible to establish at least the approximate date of the founding of the city. Vyatichi, who settled on this earth, around the end of the 10th century fell under the influence of the Kyiv princes and became their tributaries, and since the year these lands became part of the Chernigov principality.

The historically established dependence of Tula on Ryazan makes it possible to suggest that the foundation of Tula was conceived precisely by the specific Ryazan princes, who put an oak prison, or the settlement, at the place of Tulitsa’s confluence into the Upa River. The settlement was intended for military guards, as well as for collecting tribute from local Vyatichi, whose settlements were lost in thick forests.

In the XIII century, when Tula was captured by the Ryazan princes, she was one of the cities of the northeastern part of the Chernigov principality. During the Tatar invasion, this area was a natural obstacle to Moscow, and therefore turned out to be a participant in the long, tense struggle of the Moscow principality with the invasion. Her climax can be confidently considered the Kulikovo battle, which occurred in the year near the confluence of the Neprylava River with the Don, in the southeastern part of the modern Tula region.

The Moscow princes already at that time sought to join the Tula lands to their possessions. The ruin of the city by Khan Tokhtamysh in the year, which thoroughly devastated the Tula lands, was not an obstacle to them. The defeat of the hordes of Mamaia on the Kulikovo field accelerated the unification of Russian lands around Moscow. In the city, the final accession of Tula to the possessions of Moscow, which connected the historical development of cities, occurred under Vasily II.

It should be mentioned at the same time that Tula was never an independent principality and, passing into possession from the Ryazan princes to the Moscow, remained a fortress guarding the southern borders. Thus, the main significance of Tula was associated with its strategic position, that is, it should be an obstacle to the Crimean Tatars, as well as Lithuanians. Therefore, the main tasks were related to the strengthening of the city walls.

It was here that False Dmitry I was waiting for the fall of Moscow, and it was the inhabitants of Tula who opposed Vasily Shuisky, joined the rebellious peasants led by the famous Ivan Bolotnikov. The XVII century, on the other hand, made its own adjustments: Tula changed its functions, and the fortress city turned into an industrial and shopping center. The need for its own gun industry, recognized by the Russian sovereigns, led to the sending of a taxable burden for the Tula industrialists and the beginning of a new era in the development of the city.

Industrial enterprises were opened both in the village itself and in its environs, they were produced not only weapons, but also to household items, peaceful economy. An invaluable contribution made Tula into the victory of our troops during all military events, large and small wars, which the state had to wage in the 19th-XX centuries. And the weapon produced in this city visited Paris in the year and reached Berlin in the majority of the Russian population of Tula is known as the "city of gunsmiths", "city of samovars" and "city of gingerbread".

How to get Klokovo Airport is located on the northern outskirts of Tula. Since the year, passenger flights have not been executed from it. Now it is a military airfield. Moscow station Tulakurskaya station - the largest station in Tula and the main passenger terminal of the city. It is here that almost all trains from St. Petersburg and Moscow, as well as electric trains, come here.

On the station Square there are stops of trams, trolleybuses and buses of the fare - 20 rubles in the daytime and 25 in the period from to address: 4 Street, 4. Phone: Ryazhsky station Tula-Vyazemskaya station-the second station of Tula located on the Vyazma-Syzran line. There are only three platforms at the station. A large number of transport also stops on the square at the station.

Address: Ryazhskaya Street, 8. Phone: attractions The main attraction of the city is the Kremlin - a monument of architecture of the 16th century. Built in the year on the left bank of the Upa River, a stone fortress for two centuries was a defensive line. There are 9 towers and 2 cathedrals in the Kremlin: Assumption and Epiphany.The Kremlin is located in the very center of Tula near the Moscow Station.

Address: st. Mendeleevskaya, the village of Tula State Museum of Weapons. Tula is unofficially called the "city of gunsmiths." The Tula blacksmiths, having an side by the career of the brown iron iron, have long mastered the production of various types of weapons, so in the year Peter I indicated to establish the Tula Armory, and the year in the city was opened by the State Museum of Weapons, which is considered the oldest museum of this kind.

Many museum exhibits are the rarest monuments that have no analogues in the museums of the world. Address: Oktyabrskaya st. The museum is located near the Kremlin walls. Mendeleevskaya, 8. Another museum, which is a symbol of Tula, is called "Tula Gingerbread". Entering it, you can find out everything about gingerbread: history and production process, the largest, small, congratulatory, custom, registered, figured and honorary.

In gingerbread pictures, even the history of the country is presented here. In his exhibition you can see gingerbread in honor of important historical events: the anniversary of the Battle of Kulikovo, the feat of Ivan Susanin, the coronation of Nicholas II. Address: Oktyabrskaya street, house 45a. At 14 km from Tula is the Museum-Estate of Yasnaya Polyana.

It was in this place that Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy lived and created. There is his grave here. You can get to this place from the center of Tula on or minibus. The memorial to the "defenders of the sky of the Fatherland" is dedicated, in particular, to the pilots of the fighter air regiment who defended the GG. Open in the year. Depicts the victory of the Soviet aircraft in an air battle over the German two -killer aircraft.

In the central part of the monument, there is an eternal flame, stylized under the screw of the aircraft address: Moscow highway, d. Rotonda is an observation deck on the banks of the UPA River with a panoramic view of the new weapon museum.

Made in the form of a round gazebo with 12 columns. Sovetskaya, on the embankment of the Upa River. Monument "Tula tea drinking". All the most famous brands of Tula are united in the sculpture: accordion, samovar and gingerbread. Open on September 11. Oktyabrskaya, village of Art Object "Taming of the Flea". The monument was opened on the year for the anniversary of the publication of the story of Nikolai Leskov "Levsha".

According to the author’s plan, the sculpture symbolizes the struggle between good and evil. Address: Lenin Ave., the village of Tula Gingerbread, the bronze gingerbread with a diameter of more than 2 meters is erected in July. Address: pl. The opponent of the Tula football club Arsenal was founded in the year under the proud name Zenit. He found his current name in the year, before that, referring to either "labor", then "Shakhtar", then "machine -builder", then "metallurgist", or even the "Tula weapons factory." In Soviet times, the team stably performed in the Second Union League, and with the collapse of the USSR - in the second division of the Russian Championship.

In the year, Arsenal debuted in the first division and, under the leadership of Evgeny Kuchevsky, almost went to the Premier League, finishing in fifth place in the final standings. At the end of the season, Arsenal ceased to exist due to lack of finances. In the year in Tula, a new football club called the gunsmith, which was a fan league and renamed the Arsenal, was founded in Tula.

In the year, Dmitry Alenichev was invited to the position of head coach of the Tula team, who in three seasons brought the team to the elite of domestic football. The paths of Zenit and Arsenal first agreed on August 2. On that day, in the match of the 1st round of the Russian championship, the team from the banks of the Neva defeated the newcomers of the Premier League with the score of the Arsenal fans of the Arsenal football fans appeared in Tula in the year: local football lovers who were not enough to applaud football players after taking the gates of rivals and began to noisily support their team.

Since the year, Tulaks began to punch off the exit to Moscow, Orekhovo-Zuevo, Kashir, Ryazan, Tver and other places located near the city of gunsmiths actively and in large numbers. It was not surprising to the neighboring Kaluga Arsenal, so it is not surprising that Kaluga fans became the first enemies of fans from Tula. In Soviet times, Arsenal in a sports plan never claimed something serious, so it is not surprising that the Tula fans, in addition to the local team, supported the capital's clubs and even went to Moscow for the matches of CSKA and Spartak, after which they beat the muzzles on the road from the capital with enviable enthusiasm.

After the standard decline for the beginning of the beginning of the X, the Tulas put a gang called "Red-Yellow Cannoneers", which for a long time became the personification of the Arsenal fan movement, which developed quantitatively every year. The home sector at the turn of the century was collected under a hundred people, the departure was actively breaking through, and the list of enemies was replenished with hooligans from the eagle, Voronezh, Vladimir, Kursk and other cities.It should be noted that by the end of the 20th century, the Arsenal fan sector has been determined with its Moscow addictions in favor of CSKA, and today the Tula fan movement is perceived only by the “prokonsky”, therefore, the near-football movement of the red-yellow ones is the object of close attention from the opponents from the camp “Spartak” and “Torpedo”.

Based on all of the above, we can understand that Tula for fans of Zenit is in no way a tourist recreation area, but rather, on the contrary, emphasized by an enemy city. In August, at a visiting match in Tula there were conflicts between Zenit fans and local adventure lovers, some of which ended with clashes in the city center. It will also not be superfluous to recall that the Tula who came to travel to St.

Petersburg in the years at Lokomotiv and in E on Dynamo were seriously received by horns instead of seeing the beauty of the northern capital: the open sympathies of the provincials of any of the Moscow moves without attention in St. Petersburg never left. The main goal of the Arsenal stadium is the home stadium of the local football club of the same name, which first published in the elite of domestic football.