Dashkova is a brief biography

One of the most noticeable personalities of Russian education, a many -year -old friend and associate of Empress Catherine II, who played a significant role in the accession of the latter to the throne in the year. The first woman of non-imperators in the history of Russia, which held high state posts: director of the Imperial Academy of Sciences and Arts in St. Petersburg-, the initiator of the institution and the first chairman of the Russian Imperial Academy of the Russian-; At the head of the latter is the organizer and participant of the creation of the first explanatory dictionary of the Russian language - the “Dictionary of the Russian Academy”.

The associate of Catherine II, director of the St. Petersburg Academy and the President of the Russian Academy of Sciences, she did a lot for the development of science and education in Russia. Dashkova contributed to the rooting of the state education system in Russia. Her judgments about the content of education were consonant with the basic ideas and areas of activity created by Catherine II in the city of the XVIII century.

The upbringing of E. Dashkova considered it as the most important factor in the formation of a human person. Properly set, it creates a person with high social interests and moral aspirations. Ekaterina Romanovna proposed to establish an annual prize for the best essay in verses or prose dedicated to virtue. Princess’s reasoning about the moral qualities of a person is interesting.

She was convinced that a well -mannered person should be fair, honest, human loving, prudent, generous, humble, noble, moderate, meek, patient and condescending. Dashkova continues this topic and lists the indispensable qualities of citizens, depending on their professional, social and other affiliation. The best decoration of a woman, according to E. Like M. Lomonosov and N.

Novikov, she sought to spread enlightenment on a national basis, condemning the nobles for a stupid custom to invite educators and teachers from foreigners who were often round ignorant, but were able to very cleverly mislead Russians. She condemned and the prevailing practice of the parcel of noble sons for teaching abroad, when they received little knowledge, but quickly learned the ability to burn their lives.

To counteract foreign influence, E. Dashkova advises to use moral instruction, that is, education. Love for the Fatherland and respect for the historical past of Russia, E. Dashkova, carried through her life. Many of her works are permeated with patriotic aspirations. Dashkova emphasized that the process of education begins in the family, that the success of family education largely depends on the lifestyle of the parents themselves, which are the closest example for children.

So, education: more examples than prescriptions are taught; Previously begins and later ends, rather than even think; It is not in the only external talents: decorated appearance ...

Without the acquisition of the beauties of the mind and heart, there is only a puppetment; It does not consist in the acquisition of only foreign languages. There is mutual connection and dependence between these parts. Physical education of the child E. satisfaction of the child’s needs, food, clothes, dreams, as well as the development of the physical forces of the child’s body - this is what, in her opinion, should be physical education.

Moral education occupied a special place in the pedagogical program E. The moral education of children, she sought to combine with religion, as she saw the foundation of virtue in Christian teaching. Many of her advice and instructions on moral education had the initial beginning of Christian teaching. Training occupied a much smaller place in the pedagogical theory of E.

Dashkova. This was in the spirit of the ideas of the Enlightenment of Enlightenment, and the same position after J. Locke adhere to I. Betskoy and N. Dashkov reveals the content of school education. It should begin, in her opinion, with the obligatory study of the native language. Using your acquaintance with the curriculum of Edinburgh University. Dashkova proposed the most saturated program of teaching youth, including logic, rhetoric, history, geography, higher mathematics, moral philosophy, jurisprudence, natural philosophy, experimental physics and chemistry.

Indeed, nothing acts so much on the imagination and nothing so deeply and firmly sinks into the soul, as the direct contemplation of the diversity of the nature and life of the peoples. The main goal of such a cognitive journey, according to E., for the trip, she took two years. It consists of 5 rules. The fourth rule logically follows from this - saving funds. Expressing her thoughts on the content of education, E.

Dashkova often tried to formulate them in the form of moralizing or edifying aphorism. And such brief expressive sayings are found in many of its works. E. Dashkova’s interest in the education and training of youth was also manifested during travel in Russia and Europe.In her works, notes, letters, there are descriptions of educational institutions that she attended, among which were the Kiev-Mogilyansk Academy, Oxford and Edinburgh Universities.

She tried to use the experience of European educational institutions in organizing educational activities of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. Many thoughts are consonant with our time. Do not depart from truth and justice. Know and remember that the lot of the lot gave you to live in the happiest age of my fatherland. Recognize that you are given rights and pleasure, with which your ancestors did not use.

Ways to enlightenment and truth are open to you; And know that if we are not the happiest people of the universe, only we must reproach ourselves. Why love for the Fatherland should be unlimited in you, and serving it with a zealous and pleasant duty for you ... Be condescending in the conclusions and decisions of your people about people. Do not lose heart in disasters, but do not get in the arrogance in happiness.

How relevant these words also sound in our time! Navigation by records.