Turgenev biography novels

Rudin, other Rudin is one of the best representatives of the cultural nobility. He was educated in Germany, like Mikhail Bakunin, who served as his prototype, and as Ivan Turgenev himself. Rudin is endowed with eloquence. Appearing in the estate of the landowner Lasunskaya, he immediately captivates those present. But he speaks well only on abstract topics, carried away by the “stream of his own sensations”, not noticing how his words act on the listeners.

The little-haired teacher of the Basists is conquered by his speeches, but Rudin does not appreciate the loyalness of the young man: “Apparently, he only searched for pure and devoted souls in words.” The hero suffers defeat in the field of public ministry, although his ideas are always pure and disinterested. His attempts to teach in the gymnasium, to manage the estates of one tyrant-landowner end in a collapse.

He conquers the love of the daughter of the landowner, Natalia Lasunskaya, but retreats to the first obstacle - opposition to his mother. Rudin does not withstand the test of love - and this is how a person in the art world of Turgenev is checked. The noble nest is a novel about the historical fate of the nobility in Russia. The protagonist, Fedor Ivanovich Lavretsky, enters the love networks of the cold and prudent egoist Varvara Pavlovna.

He lives with her in France until the case opens his eyes to his wife's infidelity. As if being released from the obsession, Lavretsky returns home and as if he sees his native places, where life flows inaudibly, "like water on swamp grasses." In this silence, where even the clouds, it seems, “know where and why they are floating”, he meets his true love - Lisa Kalitina. But this love was not destined to become happy, although amazing music, composed by the old eccentric Lemm, the teacher of Lisa, promised the heroes happiness.

Varvara Pavlovna, who was considered the deceased, was alive, which means that the marriage of Fedor Ivanovich and Lisa became impossible. In the final, Lisa goes to the monastery to lure the sins of her father, who has obtained wealth dishonestly. Lavretsky remains alone to live a joyless life. On the eve of the novel “On the eve”, Bulgarian Dmitry Insarov, fighting for the independence of his homeland, is in love with the Russian girl Elena Strakhov.

She is ready to divide his difficult fate and follow him into the Balkans. But their love turns into cruelty to Elena's parents, to friends, leads her to a break with Russia. In addition, the personal happiness of Insarov and Elena turned out to be incompatible with the struggle, which the hero wanted to devote himself without a trace. His death looks like a reckoning for happiness. All Turgenev’s novels about love, and all about the problems that then worried the Russian community.

In the novel “On the eve”, social problems are in the foreground. Dobrolyubov in the article “When will the real day come? The writer persuaded Nekrasov, who published a “contemporary”, not to print this article. Nekrasov refused. Then Turgenev broke with a magazine with whom he collaborated for many years. Fathers and children in the next novel “Fathers and Children” is spent between the liberals, as Turgenev and his closest friends were, and the revolutionary democrat like Chernyshevsky and Dobrolyubov Dobrolyubov partly served as the prototype of the protagonist Bazarov.

Turgenev hoped that “fathers and children” would serve as rallying the social forces of Russia. However, the novel caused a real storm of controversy. Employees of “Contemporary” saw in the image of Bazarov an evil caricature for the young generation. The critic Pisarev, on the contrary, found in him the best and necessary features of the future revolutionary, who is not yet a room for activity.

Friends and like -minded people accused Turgenev of dumbfounding in front of the “boys”, a young generation, in the unjustified exaltation of Bazarov and belittling “fathers”. Offended by rough and tactless controversy, Turgenev goes abroad. Two very unusual novels of these years are imbued with deep sorrow, which Turgenev then intended to complete his literary activity - “Ghosts” and “Enough” Smoke Roman “Smoke” is sharply different from the novels of Turgenev preceding him.

The protagonist of the “smoke” of Litvinov is not remarkable. In the center of the novel, even he, but the meaningless life of a motley Russian society in the German resort of Baden-Baden. Everything seemed to be covered with smoke petty, false significance. At the end of the novel, a detailed metaphor for this smoke is given. In the novel, Turgenev’s extreme Western views appeared.

In the monologues of Potugin, one of the characters of the novel, there are many evil thoughts about the history and significance of Russia, the only salvation of which is to study tirelessly at the West. Dostoevsky and his like -minded people accused Turgenev of slandering Russia. Democrats were unhappy with the pamphlet for revolutionary emigration. Liberals - with a satirical image of the "top".

New Turgenev’s last novel “Nov” is about the fate of populism. In the center of the work is the fate of the whole social movement, and not its individual representatives. The characters of the characters are no longer revealed in love and downs. The main thing in the novel is the clash of different parties and layers of Russian society, primarily-revolutionaries of agitators and peasants.Accordingly, the social sound of the novel, its "topicality" increases.

Poems in prose with a swan song of an aging writer became poems in prose The first part of them appeared in the year, the second was not published during his lifetime. In them, as if the thoughts and feelings that possessed Turgenev throughout the creative path were opened into the lyrical miniatures: these are thoughts about Russia, about love, about the insignificance of human existence, but at the same time about the feat, about the sacrifice, about the meaningfulness and fruitfulness of suffering.

In the last years of his life in the last years of his life, Turgenev was more and more yearning for his homeland. Ivan Sergeyevich died in Buzhal in the south of France. The writer’s body was transported to Petersburg and buried in a wolf cemetery with a huge gathering of the people. Fierce disputes were silent over his coffin, which during his lifetime did not stop around his name and books.

Turgenev’s friend, the famous critic P. Annenkov wrote: “A whole generation came together on his grave with words of emotion and gratitude as a writer and man.” Homework prepare for the exchange of impressions of the novel “Fathers and Children” and his hero. In writing, formulate the questions that arose while reading. Literature Vladimir Korovin. Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev.

Volume 9. Russian literature. Part One. Turgenev in life and creativity. The history of Russian literature. Tom Third. Leningrad: Science,