Boyle biography briefly

He received his education at the College of Eaton - and at the Geneva Academy - after the death of his father - Count Korksky - inherited a significant fortune. In - gg. In the city, the works of Boyle in the field of physics are devoted to mechanics, acoustics, hydrostatics, the study of light phenomena, electricity, magnetism, heat and other things. At the beginning of scientific activity, Boyle studied the physical properties of gases.

He improved the air pump O. studied the dependence between the pressure and volume of the air and discovered one of the gas laws, which, regardless of Boyle, also formulated E. Mariott for the first time “Barometer” as the name of the device intended to measure the pressure of the boils significantly contributed to the formation of chemistry as science. The main work of Boyle’s “Chemist-Skiptik” is dedicated to the fundamental issue of which substances should be considered elements.

Boyle argued that neither the elements of Aristotle, nor the primarily of the elements of the applies of the alchemists could be accepted as elements, and gave the first scientifically based definition of the concept of a chemical element.

According to Boyle, elements are certain, initial and simple, completely mixed bodies that are not composed from each other, but are those components of which all the so -called mixed bodies are compiled and which the latter in the end can ultimately be laid out. Boyle formulated the corpuscular theory of the structure of the substance, according to which the primary corpuscles are elements, that is, the direct principles of various types of bodies.

When combining primary corpuscles, chemical compounds occur and mixtures - secondary corpuscles. The pores between corpuscles are filled with vapor from very small particles, which is the main cause of chemical interactions. Based on the corpuscular theory, Boyle also explained various aggregate states of the substance. Studying the burning, calcination of metals, breathing, Boyle established the participation of air in these processes.

To explain his experiments on the firing of metals, Boyle used the concept of “fiery matter”, believing that an increase in the mass of metals during firing is associated with penetration through the pores available in the walls of the glass retort, which, connecting with metal, turns it into lime. Boyle is one of the founders of analytical chemistry. As a result of an experimental quantitative study of the processes of metal firing, dry distillation of wood, the transformation of salts, acids and alkalis, he introduced the concept of analysis of the composition of bodies developed to date the methods of analyzing the “dry” and “wet” way.

He proposed reagents for high -quality chemical analysis: calcium salts for determining sulfuric acid, silver nitrate to determine hydrochloric acid, ammonia solution to determine copper salts, extracts containing oak tannins, ink nuts, to determine iron salts. To determine the acids and alkalis, the indicators obtained from plants - tinctures of Lakmus, violet flowers, cornflowers, etc.

from dry distillation of wood, identified acetone, studying the properties of phosphorus, received phosphoric acid and phosphin. Boyle is the founder of scientific experimental chemistry. With his works, he significantly expanded the tasks of chemistry in comparison with his predecessors and contemporaries, in particular pools. After the release of the book “Chemist-Skiptik”, in the heading of which Boyle lowered the first syllable of the word “Alchemik”, the entire field of chemical studies became called “Chemistry”.

Published on May 27, the latest renewal on May 27 to contact the editors.