Peter Kleinmichel Biography

Franz Kruger. Portrait of P. State Hermitage was born Petr Andreevich Kleinmichel in the year in the family of Lieutenant General, Director of the 2nd Cadet Corps. Kleinmikhel Sr., the son of a pastor from Riga, entered the service of Corporal in the Kiev Musketer regiment, did not protect, fought in Poland-and in the Crimea, managed to make his way and make a career. But the main achievement of Andrei Kleinmichel was a short acquaintance with the omnipotent at that time Count Alexei Arakcheev.

So the future of his son Peter was ensured. Petra Kleinmichel was recorded in the grenadier regiment immediately after birth. And in the year, 19 years old, he became the adjutant of Arakcheev. He showed himself a scrupulous and punctual performer. In the campaign of the year, Captain Kleinmichel fulfilled the emperor’s personal order: to transfer him to the brothers an order to go to Basel, away from the places of battles.

So he met the future emperor Nikolai Pavlovich. Vitaliy Kiselev writes: “Count Peter Andreyevich Kleinmikhel was not popular with his contemporaries, they didn’t like him at court, but they couldn’t do anything, since Emperor Peter Andreevich favored him and was often harsh and simply rude, but he was excellent, and not without reason the emperor appointed him the main controls of messages and public buildings The largest works led by Pyotr Andreevich are: the restoration of the Winter Palace after a fire in the year, the construction of the building of the new Hermitage, the construction of the first permanent bridge across the Neva Nikolaevsky, and the construction of the railway of St.

Petersburg-Moscow. And these are only the most important of its structures. ” The bride, Varvara Kokoshkin, was abducted by him directly from the church, where she was with her mother. The hero-lover was arrested for two weeks, but this was the punishment. Contrary to expectations, the marriage was unsuccessful, the couple constantly quarreled. As a result, the couple made a deal: his wife left her husband all the dowry, and he declared himself an incorrect husband, thanks to which the divorce took place.

Barbara received freedom married her cousin and a long -standing lover, but she was not happy in this marriage. ” Again Vitaly Kiselev: “In January, Kleinmichel, not yet Count Count, will be repented by two years later, but the Adjutant General, handed Alexander Nikitenko to the historian, the censor and memoirist Anna Cross for the audit school, in which the latter successfully taught the Russian language.

Nikitenko recalled: “He was in our exam and raged like a hurricane. This is horror and scourge for subordinates. The generals, and they tremble in front of him, like sheep in front of the wolf. However, I can’t complain: he was polite with me. ” A couple of days later, Kleinmichel invited Nikitenko to dinner, and he was pleasantly surprised: “The other day he invited me to dinner: a completely different person.

Great, teaching, hospitable - just a warm master. His wife is the top of friendliness. It seems that on the stage of his service, he is put on a storm on the system, convinced that if you want to command, it should be a beast. ” It is already about the second wife of our hero - Cleopatra Petrovna, nee Ilyinskaya, a relative of the favorite of Emperor Freilina Varvara Nelidova.

It was argued that in this marriage “the count completely changed his character of the family man, he restrained all his couples so as not to quarrel with his wife and her influential relatives.” Now he was considered "a kind husband, a gentle father and was very meek with a personal servant." According to the recollections of the Generator of the Baron Anton Delvig, "the countess was a smart woman, but in her insufficient education, a provincial was visible, who wanted to show herself a lady of a large world." The countess was granted in the state-dame and was the chairman of the patriotic society.

Valentin Pikul claimed that Kleinmichel did not take a bribe, but "they entered the cube through his wife - Cleopatra Petrovna, an extremely strict lady." The countess was known in the highest light as the adoptive parents of illegitimate children of the favorites of Nicholas I. It was this circumstance, according to gossip, that caused the career rise of Peter Kleinmichel.

There were eight children in the Kleinmichel family. Under Kleinmichel, the practice of paying salaries by employees an unofficial procedure is now called a “gray salary”. For example, the architect in military settlements was offered to receive "rubles by banknotes clearly, but incognito." True, some attribute this undertaking to Arakcheev. Historian Alexander Kizvetter writes: “Architect Sviyazev entered the service in military settlements for a newspaper publication, in which the architect was invited to a salary of rubles a year.

For several months, the salary was not at all issued, and when Sviyazev aroused this a question, Arakcheev invited him to be satisfied with half a salary. Of course, Sviyazev protested. When Sviyazev did not agree with such an unexpected interpretation of Christianity and continued to stand his ground, Arakcheev fired him from service. ”He pledged to finish everything in a year and three months, which seemed unreal - and met on time, receiving a medal from the emperor with the inscription “Zealing everything overlaps”, and from the courtiers - the nickname “Butler”.

True, according to the old tradition, I had to continue work for some time and eliminate the shortcomings in some places. ” He was a duty general and was engaged in the restoration of the Winter Palace after a fire. Then he headed the Medical and Surgical Academy, and in one foreign magazine a note appeared that the Winter Palace was restored by Medicine Kleinmichel. The construction of the railway between St.

Petersburg and Moscow was laid on Kleinmichel. This gave rise to many rumors with each new important purpose.

According to rumors, he was appointed military minister, the Minister of Internal Affairs, and the chief of the gendarmes when Metropolitan Seraphim died in the year, Kleinmichel was already the Minister of Railways. Listening to the conversations about the likely successor of Seraphim, Prince Alexander Menshikov General Adjutant and the sworn-like junction said: "Probably, Count Kleinmichel will be appointed." Kleinmichel took, as usual, zealously for the implementation of the next task.

The road was built very quickly. Evgeny Norin writes: “In the year, a plant was built for the production of equipment, and by November 1, Kleinmichel could open champagne. The road has earned. True, it must be noted that she had a fabulously expensive Lee Kleinmikhel himself had a hand in such a rise in price, whether his subordinates, the general stormmate and inexperience of the builders are difficult to judge here.

In general, the case of Kleinmichel was a well -known situation when the matter is important for the country is done, but at the same time it costs the treasury as expensive, as if in the process of furnace of steam locomotives were drowned with banknotes. ” The investigator Valerian Panaev writes: “Kleinmichel was extremely hot, impatient, unusually energetic, quickly in decisions and possessed the nature of solid and especially independent.

He did not suffer the slightest intervention of anyone in the affairs of him, he was very smart, talented and possessed special experience in matters of administrative nature, he resolutely did not pay attention to anyone, boldly entered into the struggle with everyone and firmly walked, besides all possible obstacles and extraneous intrigues, to the goal, which he prescribed the enemy of the bureaucratic order ".

But the characteristic from the Bavarian envoy Otto von Brai-Stinburg: “Active, merciless and inexorable to choose the means, Kleinmichel did not recognize difficulties and as if he wanted to prove that there is nothing impossible in the world. He treated people as guns and cars, not knowing compassion. Having at his disposal huge amounts and unlimited power, Kleinmichel elevated, in the fulfillment of imperial orders, large and useful buildings.

He is hated and despised. " Nestor Kukornik writes: “When building a permanent through the Neva of the bridge, several thousand people were busy with a brisk pile, which, not to mention expenses, extremely slowed down the course of work. The skillful builder General Kerbets broke his smart head and invented a car that greatly facilitated and accelerated this truly Egyptian work.

Having made the experiments, he presented the description of the car to the chief control of the routes and was waiting at least thanks. Count Kleinmichel was not slow to console the inventor and offspring. Kerbets received an official and strict reprimand on paper: why he had not invented this machine before and thereby introduced the treasury into huge and vain expenses.

” He was answered that the Moscow watch was not the same with the St. Petersburg, since Moscow and St. Petersburg have different meridians. Kleinmichel was pleased with this explanation, but the same story happened in Nizhny Novgorod, and the furious general shouted: - What is it? It seems that every crazy town wants to have his own meridian? Well, let’s say, Moscow can - the pioneers of the capital, or even at the lower meridian!

In his jokes, the prince did not spare the departments of the routes of communication. When the St. Isaac's Cathedral, a permanent bridge across the Neva and the Moscow Railway were built, he said: “We will not see the completed cathedral, but our children will see; We will see the bridge, but our children will not see; And neither we nor our children will see our railway.

” When his skeptical prophecies did not come true, he said at the very beginning of the driving by rail: “If Kleinmikhel calls me to the duel, instead of a pistol or sword, I will invite him to sit in the carriage and ride to Moscow. We will see who will kill! Again, Nestor is a puppeteer: “The fall of Kleinmichel in all cities of the Russian land made the most encouraging impression of Kleinmikhel’s overthrow rejoiced as if an unexpected family holiday.

I learned about this coveted event on the Moscow Railway, at the station where trains are replaced. There was no end to jokes, jokes, but more than others honored his rag and red merchant in a fox fur coat. We, thanks to the Lord, had no affairs. We, God mercy, never saw him in the eyes. And then there is no difference. " Our military affairs go badly. Mother Russia was depressed.The sovereign wondered what to do here.

How can I am to amuse her, darling and console it? Give me the drive of Kleinmichel