Biographies of surrealists

Subscribe to the news surrealism manifest by Guiiom Apolliner was dedicated to the scandalous premiere of the Parade ballet, the authors of which were composer Eric Sati, artist Pablo Picasso, screenwriter Jean Coctele and choreographer Leonid Myasin. Guillaume Apolliner wrote: “In this new union, decorations and costumes, on the one hand, are now being created, and choreography on the other, and no fictitious offices are happening.

In the "Parade", as in the form of surrealism, I see the starting point for a number of new achievements of this new spirit. " Surrealism was one of the most striking, original and ambiguous directions in the art of the 20th century, the founder of which is rightfully considered by Andre Breton, who took as the basis of his work the process of releasing fantasies, subconscious fears, dreams, as well as the destruction of the existing canons and a complete departure from the rational understanding of objects and phenomena.

Looking at how passion and energy his contemporaries reveal their creative potential, Breton had the idea to concentrate on the “unconscious” and find like -minded people who want to comprehend the unknown worlds of human subconscious through the art. By the way, there were no particular difficulties in this, because Breton began not from an empty place: it was during this period of time that the works of Sigmund Freud were published, and the Dada visual art group also successfully functioned.

In the year, Andre Breton released “Manifest Surrealism”, in which he wrote: “Surrealism is pure physical automatism, through which we strive to express the true function of thought in a word or painting. This thought is dictated by the complete absence of all control by reason and is beyond all aesthetic and moral standards. ” The principles of surrealism as an independent direction in art were based on arbitrary associations, the original interpretation of objects and phenomena, which were not interconnected, as well as on the destruction of all ethical codes.

Moreover, all these principles did not concern any particular genre in art, but seized all the creative aspects: visual arts, literature and even cinema. For surrealism, certain techniques were characteristic: - automatism; - use of "deception"; - The images seen in a dream. Trying his strength as an artist-scurelist, Andre Massson made a number of experimental automatic drawings using a pen or carcass.

Without hesitation, Masson drove a handle on paper, allowing his hand to independently create lines that later transformed into the most bizarre images. Another scurelist Juan Miro, taking the first steps in a new direction for himself, described his own work: “I begin to draw, and while I draw, the picture itself begins to affirm myself under my brush. While I work, a certain shape becomes a sign of a woman or bird.

The first stage is a free, unconscious second stage - carefully verified. ” A little later, Breton called this phenomenon of "chemistry of intelligence." Surrealism was not just a direction in art or manner of expressing his own thoughts, but by real spiritual experience and the result of a change in consciousness, which is described in the psychoanalysis of Freud. In and gg.

Of course, Salvador Dali is considered the brightest representative of surrealism, whose art works combine all the techniques and canons of the surreal direction. However, in addition to Dali, other creative figures belonged to surrealism - artists, writers and directors. Andre Breton sincerely admires Pablo Picasso and Marseille Dyushan and more than once called for them to join his movement, but they preferred to stay away, despite the fact that surrealism influenced their work in the most direct way.

Currently, surrealism has acquired vivid features of commerceization, and its objects with a stretch can apply for the title of “works of art”. Dali noticed the commercial benefit of surrealism, when in a certain period of his life he was engaged in the creation of advertising, and everything in this world, as you know, is cyclical. Therefore, there is nothing surprising in the fact that modern creations made in a surrealistic direction can only be found at specialized exhibitions and closed film locations of Art-House, and numerous surrealistic techniques are in copyright commercials and design concepts.