Alexey Cherenkov Biography

Cherenkov Pavel the discovery of the effect of a glow caused by a charged particle, rushing at a supersonic speed, subsequently named after it, and identifying the causes of this glow allowed a breakthrough in the field of high energies physics. Childhood and youth Pavel Cherenkov Pavel Alekseevich Cherenkov was born on July 15 28 in the village of Novy Chigla Bobrovsky district of the Voronezh province in a peasant family.

The mother of the future physicist Maria Pavlovna Plostkova died when he was two years old. Father Alexei Egorovich Cherenkov led a modest economy, and nine children from two marriages, as far as possible, helped him. Paul from the age of 13 also worked as an auxiliary worker, having at that time only two elementary school classes behind him. Only in the year in the new Chigle, the secondary school opened, and the inquisitive young man resumed training, earned a lot of lessons in a grocery shop.

The cardinal reform of the entire formation system of the early xg. Education Pavel Cherenkov from the GG. Cherenkov studied physics and mathematics in Voronezh. At the end of the university, he was sent by the teacher to the evening school in Kozlov now Michurinsk, a small town of Tambov region. Perhaps Pavel Alekseevich would have worked all his life as a teacher of mathematics, if not for the features of the Soviet educational policy of that time.

The abandonment of the scientific title system and the presence of state programs for mass promoting the “labor element” in the year allowed Cherenkov to enter the Physics and Mathematics Institute at the USSR Academy of Sciences in Leningrad. According to the then views, the aspirant’s tasks were not writing a dissertation, but practical assistance to the scientist in the laboratory or scientific center.

The scientific activity of Pavel Cherenkov was the era of the great insights of Einstein and amazing discoveries in quantum physics. Young Soviet scientists L. Landau, I. Tamm, Ya. Frenkel, V. Fok, G. Gamov took confident steps in the direction of great accomplishments. The beginning of the way to science coincided for Cherenkov with the era, when everything seemed possible.

However, despite the loud name, the Physics and Mathematics Institute at the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, where it settled down, did not belong to the number of presenters. Only with the advent of S. Vavilov, the situation began to change for the better. Einstein showed particular interest in the physics of the atomic nucleus and theory of Einstein. After the defeat of the leading specialist of the Institute for Nuclear Physics, Gamov, Vavilov, decided to head the laboratory and attract those who wish employees.

It was a turning point in Cherenkov’s biography: he became a participant in the most important experiments. One of the questions on the agenda was the study of solutions of uranium salts under the influence of gamma rays. Cherenkov drew attention to a weak background blue glow, different from luminescence.

In the reports of the Academy of Sciences, two articles were published in the year - Cherenkova and Vavilov - with a description of an unusual phenomenon. At first, the scientific world perceived these messages wary: physicists have repeatedly witnessed false discoveries in this area due to incorrect experiments and free interpretations, therefore there were jokes about “spiritualism” and “hunting”.

The recognition had to wait several years. In the year, the Soviet educational system returned to more traditional forms, and again they began to demand confirmation of qualifications from graduate students. In the year, Cherenkov defended his candidate, and in the year - a doctoral dissertation. At the same time, on the basis of several institutions in Moscow, the Physical Institute of the Academy of Sciences Fian was formed - the main industry scientific center of the country.

Cherenkov became his employee. In the scientific field, Cherenkov still prevailed the phenomenon that he opened, he stubbornly continued to work in this area. In the year, as a result of additional observations, it turned out that the blue glow is emitted strictly forward relative to the gamma ray and forms a light cone. This served as a key factor for I. Frank and I. Tamma in the construction of the theory that gave an explanation to the blue glow, known since Cherenkov’s radiation or the effect of Cherenkov -Vavilov.

It turned out that the glow is caused by flying at a speed above the speed of light by electrons knocked out by gamma rays. This phenomenon is possible in environments that are different from vacuum, because the light in them slows down significantly. For his discovery, Cherenkov in the year received in co -authorship with S. Vavilov, I. Tamm and I.

Frank, the Stalin Prize of the 1st degree, and divided the Nobel Prize with the last two in the year. In addition, since the year he lectured at the Moscow Energy Institute, and from the year at the Moscow Engineering and Physical Institute, he led the Fian laboratory since the year. C to gg. Vexler in the development of synchrotron and betatron - particle accelerators.

In the x In e gg. The family and personal life of Pavel Cherenkov with the future wife, the scientist met in the year during the teacher in Kozlov.The young teacher of the Russian language and literature Maria Alekseevna Putintseva, the daughter of the famous Voronezh local historian Professor A. Putintseva, also got into the distribution goats. In the same year, young people moved to Leningrad and got married on April 31.

At this time, their parents were under arrest: Paul’s father is like a “fist” and “Socialist -Revolutionaries”, Maria’s father as an “anti -Soviet” and “counter -revolutionary”. However, this spot in the questionnaire, fortunately, did not affect the scientific career of a promising physicist. For many years, the Chelenkov family lived in very constrained conditions in a communal apartment, and only in the year was a spacious separate apartment in the year.

Chelenkov’s children followed in his footsteps: her daughter Elena became a candidate of physical and mathematical sciences, worked in the laboratory of elementary particles, son Alexei became an employee of the computing center of the Academy of Sciences, where he dealt with problems related to the theory of games and the theory of probabilities. The death and funeral of Pavel Cherenkov, the scientist was very difficult to experience the death of his wife who died in the year.

The last decade Pavel Alekseevich led a secluded, and even a closed lifestyle. He died of the consequences of the jaundice on January 6 of the year at the age of 84. Academician Cherenkov was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery in Moscow. The main discovery of his life is depicted on the grave monument - the illustration of the effect of Cherenkov. The contribution of Pavel Cherenkov to the science of the opening of Cherenkov’s radiation was widely used in modern science, especially after the creation of him in the xg.

Using this meter, it was possible to record information not only about the speed of the particle, but also about its mass and energy. The type of Cherenkovsky meter was used to open antiproton per year. The counter is widely used today - in nuclear physics, high energies, astronomy. Pavel Cherenkov’s awards and prizes for his merits before science in the year Pavel Alekseevich Cherenkov was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor, and was also awarded three orders of Lenin, two orders of the Red Banner of Labor, several medals.

In the year, the scientist received the Stalin Prize of the 1st degree, in the year - the Nobel Prize, in the year - the State Prize. In the year, by the aggregate of merits, he was elected a foreign member of the US National Academy of Sciences.