The biography of the Perekovkovs

Shpagina, the construction site of the new Perm Gallery. Mikhail Lvovich, tell us how the work was built, how did archaeologists coexist with the builders? It lasted almost six months, excavations took place mainly in winter. Research gave very interesting material and several unexpected discoveries. First of all, this is the discovery of the surviving sections of the Solikamsk tract of the first road, which connected the Egoshikhinsky medical -smelter with the Motovilikhinsky plant, as well as a large number of other buildings for various purposes.

This section of the monument is unique, since the cultural layers there are the so-called “wet”, that is, they are greatly flooding due to high groundwater. Under these conditions, organic materials, such as wood, birch bark, skin, are very well preserved, up to fabrics, which made it possible to obtain a significant collection of archaeological objects. You had a message in the group that it was destroyed.

How did it happen? Like it or not, it will no longer be. We all fix in the most detailed and efficiently as possible: draw, photograph, use photogrammetry, create three -dimensional models. In this case, a project of federal significance is built on the site - a new building of the art gallery, which the city really needs. Yes, there are options when the museumification of objects occurs, and there are good examples of such decisions in our country: the historical, architectural and art museum-reserve “Island-Grad Sviyazhsk”, for example.

But in the case of the Solikamsk tract, such a political decision was not made. That is, in principle, there are options for preserving finds, but it all depends on the situation? Firstly, we must understand why we want to save it. This is not a monument to Lenin, which was set, and he stands in any conditions, although it also periodically requires restoration. With a fragment of the Solikamsky tract, the situation is fundamentally different: as soon as we found it, the tree immediately began to collapse.

It has been preserved underground due to the specific set of factors, but during excavations these factors change. If there is a goal of the museumification of such objects, then special preparation, special processing, a huge number of events are needed only in order to save all this, and appropriate financing. Otherwise, the object will collapse in itself from environmental conditions.

Of course, I would like such an object to appear in the Perm Territory. But, again, a simple example: there is a museum in Khokhlovka, where restorers constantly work to preserve the monuments of wooden architecture. This is a constant process. And with an archaeological tree, everything is much more complicated. Maria Mingaleva, junior researcher at the Kama Archaeological Expedition Research Center,-about excavations at the construction site of the new Perm Gallery and the significance of the work carried out.

Archaeological work confirmed archival data on the location of the village of Egoshikha in this place at the Egorikhinsky factory village. This territory began to be mastered by residents immediately after the construction of the Egoshikhinsky Major Plaw Plant in the city of the first residents of Perm and the first factory workers lived here. A fragment of the Solikamsky tract is a log flooring with a width of 6 m with drainage channels on each side.

Archaeologists recorded the initial level of the tract, the construction of which is allegedly related to M years, as well as the level of its repair, which was started at the turn of the XVIII-XIX centuries. It is known that Emperor Alexander I visited the city of Perm, and the repair of roads to the arrival of a high guest is quite logical. This archaeological object earned preservation and museumification in the environment in which it was found and could become an excellent urban historical and cultural object.

In e gg. Archaeologists identified and recorded objects of industrial infrastructure at the beginning of the 20th century: wooden drainage channels, an observation hole for repairing steam locomotives and wagons, a reversal ring for steam locomotives made of large granite stones. These objects also earned preservation and museumification and could become historical and cultural objects telling about the industrial development of the city of Perm.

The work on the processing of clothing material and the scientific interpretation of the results of excavations continues. These were one of the most significant archaeological works ever carried out in the city of Perm. And not so much on the investigated area as according to the results obtained and the clothing complex of artifacts. Figuratively speaking, the whole history of the city of Perm was concentrated on this site: from a small factory village at a medical unit, which later transformed into a provincial city, to an industrial metropolis, which it is now.

In this place, it would be ideal to organize a museum of the history of the city or museum of history places with the preservation of all the archaeological objects found in the natural environment. What artifacts from excavations on the territory of the plant named after Shpagina preserved? What's wrong with them now? He is long, far from everything is still finished.We put some part that went through the process of conservation and restoration at the presentation.

For example, a large collection of leather shoes. But before showing her to people, they worked very carefully with her for several months. Are students or professionals working with her? Students can destroy artifacts? Of course, they need to be involved in working with collections, but it is necessary and very well to control the entire process. Is it that, as a result of excavations, so valuable artifacts are found that construction is prohibited in this place?

It is fundamentally important to understand why to stop. That is, we will get valuable artifacts anyway, they will remain, they will be in museums, God forbid, they will stand in the expositions, and everyone will be able to look at them. Here the question is that the object of cultural heritage, the monument of archeology is not injured, not destroyed, destroyed during construction.

For this, the section of the design documentation on the preservation of cultural heritage objects is being developed. She undergoes a state examination. And, in accordance with this, the necessary measures are further held. The study of the monument is also its preservation. If scientists investigated the object in accordance with the methodology, found out everything that was possible, then there is no reason to prevent construction.

Archaeologists have no task to prevent construction, development of the economy, and so on. Accordingly, the builders who are responsible for their duties to preserve cultural heritage also have no task of interfering with archaeologists. Here the mechanism is quite developed. That is, roughly speaking, documented, photographed - and enough? There is the same version of the museumification that we have already talked about.

But it is important to understand what and why we are museum. For what? So that this becomes the center of public attraction? Or just for the sake of saving an object? But this will be a waste of money from the budget. Let's look at European experience. Of course, the countries of Europe were lucky to a certain extent, there they used a stone more, which remains better than a tree.

Many historical objects are well preserved, they are mainly located in cities, become centers of cultural attraction, recreational zones and so on. There is logic here, it is clear and makes it possible to develop objects further. Not just investing money, but to receive a return from this. Are there objects with such potential in the Perm Territory? This will become truly significant objects of historical and cultural tourism.

For example, Glauden Kostishche and the same settlement near Perm. In the year, Perm archaeologists presented the governor for the preservation of history objects. What assumptions were put forward then? What has been done in this direction over the past time? In principle, neither a sentence nor ideas, including relating museumification, have not disappeared.

With the inspection for the protection of cultural heritage objects, we spoke these options repeatedly. Gloiden Kostishche and the settlement are located near the Bolshaya Savino Airport. It was a cultural, production and, most likely, political center of our territory for thousands of years. What is important, the object is in the public domain, it’s very easy to get there. Last year, a lady was celebrated from the date of opening and the beginning of its study.

Gladenovo, with a competent approach, may well become an analogue of Arkaim. For many years, a state program worked in the region, within the framework of which security excavations of destructive monuments were financed, but, unfortunately, it was turned off. Although, in the framework of these studies, very significant and valuable material was obtained, including on the same Glaziden bone, which, unfortunately, regularly robs “black diggers”.

The same situation is on many other archaeological monuments. That is, they can calmly dig there? And I did not see a single news that they opened criminal cases and gave someone a real term, although, from the point of view of the law, this is possible. How acute is the problem of illegal excavations? It has become worse in recent years or, conversely, the situation improves?

Prior to this, a very powerful wave of predatory excavations took place at the end of the x.

Did they destroy these artifacts? They sold them to private collectors, well, or worked on order.