The biography of Lenin is true

Biography of Vladimir Lenin in the early years Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, the real name Ulyanov was born on April 22, according to the old style of the year in the city of Simbirsk, is now called Ulyanovsk in the family of the inspector of the People's Schools of the Simbirsk province Ilya Nikolaevich Ulyanov and Maria Alexandrovna Ulyanova Devich's surname - Blank.

The father of the future leader of the revolution left the peasants and received a hereditary nobility, rising to the rank of real state adviser. Another brother and sister died shortly after birth. In the year, Vladimir’s father died of hemorrhage in the brain. And already in the year in the Ulyanov family, a new tragedy happened-the elder brother of Vladimir Alexander, a student of the physicist of St.

Petersburg University, was arrested and soon hanged because of participation in the preparation of Emperor Alexander III. The point of view is widespread, according to which the execution of Alexander Ulyanov seriously influenced the life path of Vladimir. In the same year, he entered the law faculty of Kazan University, but after a few months he took part in student unrest, which was due to which he was arrested, excluded and sent to the maternal estate in a village near Kazan.

Then Ulyanov was under police supervision. In the year, Vladimir was allowed to return to Kazan, and in M-to pass the exterior exams for the full course of the legal faculty of St. Petersburg University. In the year he received a diploma. The next two years he worked in Samara as an assistant to the jury, and in the year he moved to St. Petersburg, where he entered the Marxist circle of students of the Technological Institute.

The formation of views Lenin himself said that he realized himself to the Marxist with his main task by the Marxists considered the communist revolution in Samara. And already in St. Petersburg, he advanced among local Marxists, joining the dispute between the “legal Marxists” and the liberal populists. The latter advocated the transition to socialism by peaceful reforms, while Lenin criticized them for the departure from revolutionary traditions.

In April, during a foreign trip, Lenin met in Switzerland with members of the Labor Labor group and met with the leader of the Russian Marxists George Plekhanov. He considered the latter his teacher. Returning to Russia, Vladimir Ilyich participated in the creation of the first domestic Marxist organization “The Union of the Struggle for the Liberation of the Working Class”.

There he married his ally Nadezhda Krupskaya. The marriage was not the only "achievement" of that link. Lenin completed work on the book "Development of capitalism in Russia." In it, he argued that capitalist progress only contributes to the class struggle of the proletariat and the bourgeoisie. In the year, after the end of the exile, Lenin went to exile.

He lived in Switzerland, Great Britain and Germany. By the way, he began to use the Lenin pseudonym only in the year - so he signed one of his articles for his underground revolutionary newspaper Iskra. It was at this congress that the party split into the Bolsheviks and Mensheviks. The former supported Lenin, the latter, under the leadership of Julia Tsederbaum-Martov, opposed his program and generally called for mild ways to combat an autocracy.

Lenin himself then appreciated the split as “a direct and inevitable continuation later the balance of power between the Bolsheviks and the Mensheviks constantly changed. The first revolution, the second emigration in November, Vladimir Lenin returned to Russia - shortly after Emperor Nicholas II signed the manifesto "On the improvement of state order." Citizens were given freedom of conscience, words, meetings and unions and inviolability of the individual.

The same manifesto expanded the powers of the future State Duma and limited the autocracy. Lenin settled in St. Petersburg, where he headed the editorial office of the newspaper "New Life". During the revolution - years, he also acted as the head of the St. Petersburg Committee of the Bolsheviks and called for an armed confrontation with the government. All these years, Lenin continued to actively participate in the affairs of the RSDLP, the activities of the Second International, to support the left groups in European Social Democratic Parties and individual socialists who advocated the intensification of the revolutionary struggle.

Yes, in fact, he intervened in political life in Europe. He even organized a Bolshevik party school near Paris, and in Russia he managed to establish the release of the daily legal Bolshevik newspaper Pravda. In general, he worked to the fullest. The First World War at the beginning of World War II was arrested by the Austrian authorities - they suspected spying in favor of Russia. Soon he was released with the help of local Social Democrats.

They explained that Lenin is an enemy of the monarchy in the Russian Empire. After Lenin moved to Switzerland. Through Germany, he reached his homeland in April - he rode in a special car for political emigrants. Returning, Lenin soon spoke to the supporters. And he voiced the main provisions of the Strategy of the Bolsheviks - soon they were called the "April Abstracts".In them, he also called on to deprive power of the Provisional Government in favor of the councils where representatives of different socialist parties entered, to accept the name “Communist Party” and finally begin the socialist revolution.

In July, the Bolsheviks tried to overthrow the Provisional Government, but could not. The Provisional Government fell. The authorities passed to the Provisional Government of the Bolsheviks - the Council of People's Commissars, led by Lenin. They soon moved to Moscow and occupied the Kremlin.

The Civil War of the year in the country began the Civil War. Almost immediately after the formation of the Council of People's Commissars, the Bolsheviks tried to remove the proponents of the Provisional Government from the authorities, and representatives of the All -Russian Executive Committee of the Trade Union of Railway Workers, who demanded to create a government from representatives of all socialist parties.

Ultimately, Lenin and his associates established a single -party dictatorship in Russia. The convened Constituent Assembly was dispersed in January. All the key decisions of the first year after the revolution stood Lenin - he signed more decrees, many of which he prepared himself. Meanwhile, in March, Lenin achieved the signing of a separate Brest world with Germany, Austria-Hungary and Turkey.

So Russia lost the Baltic states, Belarus, part of the Pskov province and Transcaucasia, recognized the independence of the Ukrainian People’s Republic and turned out to be Germany 6 billion rubles of indemnity. When Germany lost the war in November, the Soviet authorities unilaterally broke the contract. All free trade fell under the ban in the country, excess products began to take from the peasants, and distribute various material goods by decision of the authorities.

During the Civil War, red terror in the country also pursued a policy of state terror or the so -called red terror - its victims were both political opponents of the Bolsheviks and their disloyal groups from the intelligentsia to the Cossacks and the clergy. One of the occasion for red terror was an attempt on Lenin. The revolutionary Fanny Kaplan took the blame on herself. A few days later she was shot without trial.

In the year, in Russia, they began to raise the national economy from the knees: the country suffered from disorganization, unemployment, hunger and growing discontent of workers, soldiers and peasants. To save the situation, Lenin canceled “military communism” and introduced the so -called new economic policy - the famous NEP. He returned private trade to the country.

At the same time, the associates of Ilyich considered this a betrayal of the interests of the world revolution. He forbade the whole opposition - and even the fractions within the Russian Communist Party. In December, thanks to Lenin, a new federal state appeared on the world political map - the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The disease and death in May of the year Vladimir Lenin suffered a stroke.

For several months he had to recover in Gorki near Moscow. Lenin was able to return to work only in October, but already in December he transferred the next hemorrhage to the brain and actually moved away from the leadership of the country and the party. In March, Lenin was faced with another exacerbation of the disease, and on January 21, he died in his residence in Gorki.

His body was later mummified and placed in the Mausoleum on Red Square in Moscow. There it is still - for 99 years. The cult of the personality of Lenin and assessments during the life of Vladimir Lenin around him began to form a cult of personality. Some historians noted that the revolutionary himself facilitated this, others - that the efforts for this made the environment of the leader.

One way or another, shortly after the death of Lenin, a wave of renaming swept through the Soviet Union. Petrograd became Leningrad, the name of Lenin was called cities, villages, streets. In each city, a monument to Lenin appeared. At least one. But experts are sure that the cult of personality began to arise for a completely natural reason: the so -called personification of power is characteristic of Russian society.

This is a process when the latter is not perceived as an institution, but as a specific person. So the identification of power and the leader of the revolution is quite understandable. Slide, which.