N Copernicus Biography

Latest news biography Nikolai Copernicus - an outstanding Polish astronomer of the Renaissance, mathematician, theologian, physician.

The scientist refuted the theory put forward by the ancient Greeks, according to which the planets and the sun rotate around the Earth, created and substantiated a new, heliocentric theory of the world order. Once the time of time, the borders of states and names have repeatedly changed, so the question of where, in which country the scientist was born, often arises. This happened in the Prussian city of Torne on February 19.

Today, the town is called Torun and located on the territory of modern Poland. Nikolai Copernicus had two older sister's portrait, one subsequently tonsured a nun, and the other got married and left the city. The elder brother Andrzej became a faithful ally and companion of Nikolai. Together they traveled half the European Europe, studying at the best universities. Copperniki lived in abundance and prosperity as long as the father of the family was alive.

When Nikolai was nine years old, an epidemic of plague erupted in Europe, which claimed tens of thousands of lives. He became a victim of a terrible disease and Copernicus Sr., and a few years later, a year, a year, also died. The family was left without a livelihood, and children - orphans. Everything could end deplorable, if not for the uncle, Barbara’s brother, Lukash Watzenrod, canon of the local diocese.

Nikolai Copernicus, in his youth, being educated at that time, Luke had the degree of Master of the Krakow University of Krakow and Dr. Canon Law of Bologna University, and later held the position of bishop. Luke took care of the children of the deceased sister and tried to educate Nikolai and Andrze. After Nicholas the local school in the year, the brothers in patronage and funds of uncle went to Krakow, where they entered the University of Jagello at the Faculty of Arts.

This event marked the beginning of the new stage of the biography of Copernicus, the first on the way to future great discoveries in science and philosophy. Science at the end of the University of Krakow in the year, the Copernicus brothers went on a trip to Italy. The funds for the trip were originally planned to receive from Uncle, Bishop of Emmerland, but he did not have free money.

Luke invited his nephews to become the canons of his own diocese and go to study abroad on the salary received. In the year, Andrzei and Nikolai were accepted in absentia to the post of canons with the issuance of a salary and the provision of a three -year vacation for training. The brothers entered the University of Bologna at the Faculty of Law, where they studied church canonical law.

In Bologna, fate brought Nikolai with a teacher of astronomy, Domenico Maria Novara, and this meeting became decisive for young Copernicus. Scientist Nikolai Copernicus, together with an innovar in the year, the future scientist conducted the first astronomical observation in his life. The result was a conclusion about the same distance to the moon in quadrature, with a new moon. This observation for the first time made Copernicus doubt the truth of the theory of Ptolemy, according to which all celestial bodies rotate around the Earth.

In addition to studying works by law, mathematics and astronomy in Bologna, Nikolai studied Greek, was fond of painting. The picture has come to this day, which is considered a copy of the self -portrait of Copernicus. The self -portrait of Nikolai Copernicus studied in Bologna for three years, the brothers left the university and for some time returned to their homeland to Poland. In the city of Frauenburg, at the place of service, Copernicus asked for a delay and a few more years to continue training.

According to some reports, during this period, Nikolai lived in Rome and lectures on mathematics for noble dignitaries from high society, and Pope Alexander VI Borgia helped to master the laws of astronomy. In the year, the Copernicus brothers arrived in Padu. At the University of Paduan, Nikolai gained fundamental knowledge and practical experience in medicine, and at the University of Ferrara received the degree of a doctor of theology.

As a result of such large -scale training in the year, Copernicus returned home with a comprehensively educated adult. Conversation with God. "At that time, this age was considered generally accepted for university diplomas and completing education. The further activity of Copernicus is associated with his position of canon. The brilliant scientist managed to make a clergyman, while engaged in scientific research.

He was lucky that the works were completed only at the end of his life, and the books were published after death. Copernicus happily escaped the persecution of the Church for radical views and the doctrine of the heliocentric system, which his successors and followers, Giordano Bruno and Galileo Galileo did not succeed. After the death of Copernicus, the main ideas of the scientist, reflected in the work “On the rotation of the heavenly spheres”, were freely spread throughout Europe and the world.

Only in the year this theory was declared heresy and banned by the Catholic Church.Heliocentric system Nikolai Copernicus was one of the first to think about the imperfection of the Ptolemye system of the universe, according to which the Sun and other planets revolve around the Earth. Using primitive astronomical tools, partially homemade, the scientist managed to withdraw and justify the theory of the heliocentric solar system.

At the same time, the heliocentric system of Nikolai Copernicus, until the end of his life, believed that the distant stars and luminaries, visible from the ground, are fixed on a special sphere surrounding our planet. This misconception was caused by the imperfection of the technical means of that time, because in Europe the Renaissance did not exist even the simplest telescope.

Some details of the theory of Copernicus, in which the opinions of ancient Greek astronomers were held, were subsequently eliminated and modified by Johann Kepler. The main work of the scientist’s whole life became the fruit of thirty years of work and was published in the year with the participation of the beloved student of Copernicus, Retikus. The astronomer himself had the happiness of holding a published book on the eve of death.

The first part spoke of the sphericalness of the Earth and the entire universe, the second narrated about the basics of spherical astronomy and the rules for calculating the location of stars and planets in the heavenly vault. The third part of the book is devoted to the nature of the equinoxes, the fourth to the moon, the fifth to all planets, the sixth - the reasons for the change of latitudes.

The teachings of Copernicus are a great contribution to the development of astronomy and the science of the universe. Personal life from for a year, during his uncle’s life, Nikolai served as a canon in Frombork, then became an adviser to the bishop, and then - the chancellor of the diocese. After the death of Bishop Luke, Nicholas moves to Feenburg and becomes the canon of the local cathedral, and his brother, who is ill, leaves the country.

In the year, Copernicus receives the post of chancellor of the Warmian diocese and moves to the city of Olshtyn for four years. Here, the scientist was found by the war that Prussia waged with the knights of the Teutonic Order. The churchman showed himself surprisingly a competent military strategist, managing to ensure proper defense and defense of the fortress, which survived the onslaught of the Teutons.

Nikolai Copernicus in the year Copernicus returned to Frommbrek. He was engaged in medicine and was known as a skilled healer. According to some reports, Nikolai Copernicus saved from ailments and facilitated the fate of many patients, for the most part, his brothers-canonics. In the year, in the declining years, the astronomer fell in love for the first time. The chosen one of the scientist was the young girl Anna, the daughter of a friend of Copernicus, a cut on metal Matz Shilling.

The acquaintance occurred in the hometown of a scientist, Toruni. Since Catholic clergy were forbidden to marry and have connections with women, Copernicus settled Anna as a distant relative and housekeeper. However, soon the girl had to leave the scientist from the house, and then completely leave the city, since the new bishop made it clear to the subordinate that the church does not welcome this state of affairs.

The death in the year in Wittenberg published a book by Copernicus "On the sides and angles of triangles of both flat and spherical." The main work was published in Nuremberg a year later. The scientist was at death when the students and friends brought the first printed copy of the book “On the Rotation of Heavenly Spheres”. The great astronomer and the mathematician died at home, in Frombork, surrounded by loved ones on May 24.

The monument to Nikolai Copernicus posthumous glory Copernicus corresponds to the merits and achievements of the scientist. Thanks to portraits and photos, the face of the astronomer knows every student, the monuments are in different cities and countries, and the University of Nikolai Copernicus in Poland is named in his honor. The discovery of Copernicus Creation and justification of the theory of the heliocentric system of the world, which laid the foundation for the first scientific revolution; development of a new mint in Poland; the construction of a hydraulic machine that supplied water all houses in the city; Co-author of the Economic Law Copernicus-Groceema;.