Brief biography of Keynes

Numbers generator John Meinard Keynes - economist of world significance, John Meinard Keynes, is one of the greatest economists of the 20th century. Thanks to his analytical activity, many of the most important reforms were introduced into the world economy, including the creation of the World Monetary Fund and the Bank of Reconstruction and Development. John Meinard Keynes was born in one of the educational centers of England - Cambridge - June 5.

His family belonged to the intellectual elite - his father was a teacher of economics and the chief administrator at the university, but his mother was engaged in social activities, and later became the mayor of the city. John also had a younger brother and sister. Jeffrey Keynes was a talented surgeon, and Margaret married the famous psychologist Archibald Hill. In marriage, they had a daughter, who also became a successful economist.

The boy received primary education in one of the most respectable schools of that time - in the end. From an early age, he reached for knowledge, participated in discussion clubs and other intellectual associations. At school, John became interested in mathematics, Latin and Greek. From the age of 16, the young man began to work in the school library, where he was able to get information about his ancestors and build a genealogical tree until the times of Wilhelm the conqueror.

Immediately after graduation, John entered the most prestigious college of Cambridge University - Royal. Here he became a member of the Cambridge Apostles community, which included many representatives of intellectual youth. He represented his first scientific works, which were originally devoted to ethics and probability theory. Among his teachers were such famous personalities as Henry Sidzhvik and Alfred Marshall.

As a student, Keynes was also fond of politics, thanks to which he became the president of the Cambridge Union in the year. In the same year, a Bloomsbury circle formed, whose members were John and his friends from the Apostles. Such a society affected the worldview of a young economist. John did not deny himself the pleasures of the slutty era and did not hide his love relationship with one of the participants in the circle - the Scottish artist Duncan Grant.

However, they did not last long - in the year the couple parted. As a student, in the year, Keynes was invited to work in the Royal Commission on Finance and the currency of India. Here he spent more than 7 years. In the year, Keynes published his first printed labor - “Cash appeals and finances of India”. John graduated from the Royal College in the year and brilliantly defended his dissertation dedicated to the method of mathematical induction and probability theory.

It was published only 13 years later, after making some comments and additions, entitled "Treatise on probability." After protection, Keynes began to give lectures on economic theory and did not leave teaching until the end of his life. He lived all this time not far from the University of Cambridge-in the apartment on King-Lane, where he moved in the year. In the year, Keynes begins his career in the Ministry of Finance.

Here he is responsible for foreign exchange reserves and economic relations with the allies of Great Britain during the First World War. In the year, he is part of the English delegation at the Paris Peace Conference. Here he negatively speaks of indemnities imposed on Germany, predicts the destabilization of the economy and suggests that such a policy can lead to a new war of global scale.

Nobody heard Keynes's arguments, as a result of which he refused to represent the delegation of his country. He later outlined his considerations in two outstanding books published in the same year: “The economic consequences of the Versailles Agreement” and “Revision of a peace treaty”. In X Keynes, he devotes the most time to teaching in Cambridge, and is also trying to predict the future of the economy, both on a global scale and within the UK.

The economic situation in the world, which has developed in the year pushes him to think about the problems of employment, stability of prices and inflation. Keynes sees the decision in the introduction of an adjustable currency instead of the existing gold standard. The consequence of his analytical work was the "treatise on monetary reform", published in the year.

In the year, Keynes publishes a pamphlet “Economic consequences of Churchill”, in which he harshly criticizes the principles of the UK economy.

He believes that the government needs to maintain the stability of domestic prices, and not overestimate the exchange rate, which was inherent in the monetary policy of that time. In the same year, Keynes decides to a responsible step - he marries Lidia Lopukhova - the Russian ballerina, with whom he had been familiar for more than 7 years. The couple did not succeed in starting children due to medical indicators.

Together with his wife, John visited the Soviet Union twice. During the first visit, he became interested in the construction of the communist system and outlined his opinion in the article “A Brief impression of Soviet Russia”.If in it he still noted some advantages of the policy of Bolshevism, then the second visit of the year finally convinced the economist of his hostility to the NEP.

Although Keynes more than once managed to benefit money and predict various economic processes, the collapse of the stock market in the year was a real surprise for him. The economist lost most of his investments and was on the verge of bankruptcy. However, the experience in conducting business allowed Keyns to quickly make up for the loss. In the year, the Light was seen by Keynes's large -scale work - "Treatise on money." He again returns to questions about the monetary system, the gold standard and the exchange rate, and is also trying to find the application of his theory to the realities of the twentieth century.

The main result of Keynes's scientific activity was the “general theory of employment, interest and money” dating from a year. In it, he most fully sets out the need to create special tools for regulating the economy and interference in economic issues at the state level. Thus, the concept of “Keynes’s multiplier” appears, as well as the “main psychological law of Keynes” on the relationship of personal income and the level of consumption.

This work brings Keynes world recognition and enshrines his leader’s position in economic policy. In the year, Keynes holds the position of adviser to the British Ministry of Finance. In dealing with the problems of financing the army, in the same year he publishes a treatise “How to pay for a war? In the year, Keynes becomes a member of the House of Lords. In the year, with the help of Keynes, the foundations of international economic relations of the post -war period were developed.

An international currency fund and the Bank of Reconstruction and Development were created on their basis in the year. John Keynes died on April 14 in Firla, he was buried in London, in Westminster.