Biography of Paul Nipkov

The history of television: From the first experiments to microcircuits, there are currently not a single state that is not covered by television broadcasting. Television is the most influential electronic media. Humanity has dreamed about the transfer of images to distances from ancient times, as evidenced by fairy tales and legends about magic mirrors, plates with apples, but more than one millennium passed before this dream came true.

In the second half of the twentieth century, the rapid development of television led to the fact that several generations that did not imagine life without a TV have already grown. The first stages of the development of television for the first time, the phenomenon of the photo effect - the release of electrons with a substance under the influence of electromagnetic radiation, was discovered by the German physicist Henry Herz in the year, and a year later the Russian scientist Alexander Stoletov conducted experience that clearly demonstrates this phenomenon.

In the year, Russian physics Boris Rozing managed to theoretically substantiate the possibility of obtaining an image through an electron-ray tube developed by the German physicist K. Brown and even managed to put it into practice: he was able to get an image in the form of one single motionless point. The first working television system is the invention of German engineer Paul Nipkov, made another year.

The design laid the foundation for the creation of the so -called mechanical television. Paul Nipkov invented a disk, with which the image was converted into electrical impulses. It was a disc with a certain number of holes located in a spiral, opposite which a photocell was installed, and the light fell into a photocell through this disk. A patent for the optical-mechanical device "Electronic Telescope" to decompose the image for elements when transmitting and receiving television signals, named Nipkov was used in the first television devices with mechanical expansion, was obtained in the year.

Nipkov rotated the disk over the picture or object. Light impulses that penetrated through the holes of the disk turned into electrical signals with a photocell. Then the number of lines on the screen was small - about, that is, the light penetrated the object after three hundred holes, and the mechanically scanned television "picture" was rough. Thanks to the Nipkov’s disk, in the year, Swedish engineer John Berdu managed to receive the transfer of recognized human persons for the first time.

A little later, he also developed the first television system, capable of transmitting moving images.

At first, the development of television went in two directions - sometimes mechanical television is also called electronic and mechanical television. Moreover, the development of mechanical systems occurred almost until the end of the 10ths of the XX century, before it was completely replaced by electronic devices. On the territory of the USSR, mechanical television systems lasted a little longer.

As broadcasting, the experiments using electronic rays for transmitting and receiving image at certain distances began to be carried out in various countries of the United States, Japan, and the Soviet Union since the beginning of the X. XX century. As a result, in the year, an American engineer of Russian descent Vladimir Zvorykin managed to invent a cathode tube, which is also the main part of most TVs.

The first TVs suitable for mass production appeared at the end of the twentieths of the twentieth century. However, this was preceded by several decades of persistent research and many brilliant discoveries. At the end of the year, the first electronic TV, suitable for practical use, was developed in the American research laboratory of RCA, led by Zvrykin. A little later, in the year, RCA also presented the first TV, designed specifically for mass production.

It was a massive wooden box equipped with a 5 -inch diagonal screen. Later, the radio -lamps were replaced by semiconductors. The first semiconductor -based TV was developed in the year by Sony. Subsequently, microcircuits -based models appeared. Now there are systems when the entire electronic filling of the TV is enclosed in one single microcircuit. Today, the quality of broadcasting has increased significantly and has become digital.

The TVs themselves have already ceased to be perceived as “boxes”, because flat LCD and plasma models appeared. The size of the screen has ceased to be measured by a couple tens of centimeters. Television has become the norm. By the beginning of the 21st century, the methods and principles of television broadcasting have changed significantly. Cable and satellite television arose.

This was a mechanical model. The first electronic TV - the legendary KVN 49 was created in the year. It was equipped with a small screen and a special lens was installed in front of it, which had to be filled with distilled water. In the future, many other, more advanced models appeared. In the middle of the year, the production of color TVs began in the USSR.Although Zvorykin developed a color television system in the year, its implementation became possible only by the year, and even then only as experimental developments.

The first, suitable for selling a color TV, created the same RCA in the year. This model was equipped with a 15 -inch screen. A little later, models with diagonals of 19 and 21 inches were developed. Such systems were worth more than a thousand US dollars, and, therefore, were not available to everyone. However, the broadcast in Europe received the mass distribution in Europe only in E GG.

In the Soviet Union, the first experimental TV show took place on April 29. In the year, the first television center was organized on Shabolovka Street, which had been experimental television broadcasts based on electronic systems from a year, and from a year, regular television broadcasting was a demonstration of the film about the opening of the Council of Council of People's Commissars of the CPSU b.

After the break associated with the Great Patriotic War, the television center at Shabolovka again began broadcasting the programs on May 7, and on December 15 of the same year, the first in Europe resumed regular TV showing twice a week. In the year, on the basis of the Moscow television center, a central television studio was created, leading daily programs. In the year, a State Committee for Radio Broadcasting and Television was created.

In the year, for the first time in the country, with the help of satellite communications, the Olympic Games from Tokyo was broadcast, in the year - the exchange of television programs between Moscow and Vladivostok, in the year - the transfer of color image from Paris to Moscow. In the year, regular broadcasts of color television began; In the same year, a satellite system for the distribution of television programs was created to the network of ground -based orbit stations.

By the beginning of the x, two central television programs were accepted throughout the entire territory of Russia. In the first half of the x, the reorganization of television broadcasting began, the first autonomous forms appeared - public broadcasting and commercial broadcasting existing due to advertising. In the year, the Russian State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company Ostankino and regional television and radio companies, including the Moscow Television Company, MTK; On the 3rd channel.

In the year, a private television company NTV was founded. Today, traditional analogue television has practically exhausted its capabilities. By the year, television in Russia will completely switch to a digital broadcast format, which will increase the number of channels several times. Experts note that Russia is well prepared for the "digital revolution". Already, many Russian companies produce digital transmitters, as well as television and radio receivers.

In many regions of the country, the construction of televisions that support the digital format of RIA Novosti are under construction.