Hemingway author biography

Born: July 21, his father, Clarence Edmont Hemingway, was a doctor, and mother, Grace Hall, devoted her life to raising children. From early childhood, his father tried to instill in Ernest a love of nature, dreaming that he would follow in his footsteps and take care of medicine and natural science. When Ernie was 3 years old, Clarence Hemingway gave him the first fishing rod and took with him to fishing.

By the age of 8, the future writer already knew by heart the name of all trees, flowers, birds, fish and animals, which ... lived in the Middle West. Another favorite pastime for Ernest has become literature. The boy was sitting for hours at the books that he could find in the home library, especially he liked Darwin's works and historical literature.

Mrs. Hemingway dreamed of another future for her son. She forced him to sing in the church choir and play cello. Many years later, already as an elderly person, Ernest will say: my mother did not let me into school for a year so that I was studying music. She thought that I had abilities, but I had no talent. Nevertheless, the resistance to this was suppressed by the mother - Hemingway had to make music daily.

In addition to the winter house, the family in the OK-Park had a UIndmir cottage on Lake Vallun. Every summer, Hemingway with his parents, brothers and sisters went to these quiet places. For a boy, a trip to Windmir meant complete freedom. No one forced him to play cello, and he could do his own business - to sit on the shore with a fishing rod, roam the forest, play with children from the Indian village.

In, when Ernest was 12 years old, Grandfather Hemingway gave him a single -shot gun of caliber. This gift strengthened the friendship of grandfather and grandson. The boy loved to listen to the old man’s stories and for life has retained good memories of him, often transferring them to his works in the future. Hunting has become the main passion for Ernest. Clarence taught his son to handle weapons and track the beast.

One of his first stories about Nick Adams, his Alter Ego, Hemingway will devote precisely the hunting and figure of his father. His personality, life and the tragic end - Clarence will commit suicide - will always worry the writer. Being a healthy and strong youth by nature, Hemingway was actively engaged in boxing and football. He later said: boxing taught me to never remain lying, always ready to attack Hemingway again in the school years as a writer in a small school journal "Tablets".

First, the “court of manita” was printed - an essay with northern exotic, blood and Indian folklore. And in the next issue, the new story “The whole thing in the color of the skin” is about the backstage and dirty commercial side of boxing. In the summer, after schools, Ernest, trying to gain independence from parents, goes with a friend on an independent journey to Northern Michigan.

There he is experiencing a lot of impressions that will later enter many works of the writer. After this summer, the story “Sepy Zhinggan” will appear - about the hunter from the Ojibuev tribe, telling about blood feud. All these first literary experiments were given to Ernest without much difficulty, and he decided to write reports weekly for the school newspaper Trapezius. These are mainly reports on sports, concerts.

Especially popular were malicious notes about the “secular life” of the OK-park. At this time, Hemingway already firmly decided for himself that he would be a writer. After graduation from school, he decided not to go to the university, as his parents demanded, but moved to Kansas City, where he got a job at the local newspaper Star. Here he was responsible for a small area of ​​the city, which included the main hospital, station and police station.

The young reporter went to all incidents, met the brothels, came across prostitutes, hired killers and scammers, visited fires and prisons. Ernest watched, remembered, tried to understand the motives of human acts, captured the manner of conversations, gestures and smells.

All this was postponed in his memory, then to become plots, details and dialogues of his future stories. Here his literary style and the habit of being in the center of events were formed here. The editors of the newspaper taught his accuracy and clarity of the language and tried to stop any verbosity and stylistic negligence. Hemingway wanted to serve in the army, but because of poor vision he was refused for a long time.

But he nevertheless managed to get to the fronts of the First World War in Italy, enrolling in the driver of the Red Cross. On the first day of his stay in Milan Ernest and other recruits, they threw the territories of the blown up the ammunition plant directly from the train. A few years later, he will describe his impressions of the first clash with the war in his book “Death in the afternoon”.

The next day, the young Hemingway was sent as a driver of a sanitary car to the front in a detachment stationed in the town of Shio. However, almost all the time here took place in entertainment: visiting salons, playing cards and baseball.Ernest could not endure such a life for a long time and achieved a transfer to the Piave River, where he began to engage in serving army shops.

And soon he found a way to be on the front line, having become a volunteering to deliver products to soldiers directly into the trenches. In the hospital, 26 fragments were taken out of it, while there were more than two hundred wounds on Ernest’s body. Soon he was transported to Milan, where the doctors replaced the shot knee cup with aluminum prosthesis. And the king of Italy awarded him with a silver medal “For Valor” and “Military Cross”.

The writer himself will later say: I was a big fool when I went to that war. I thought we were a sports team, and the Austrians are another team participating in the competition. For almost a whole year, Hemingway spent his family, healing the wounds received and thinking about his future. Its new employer, the Toronto Star newspaper allowed the young reporter to write on any topics, but only published materials were paid.

The first works of Ernest - “The Nominating Exhibition of Pictures” and “Try to shave for free” - ridiculed the snobbery of art lovers and prejudice of Americans. Later, more serious materials about the war appeared, about veterans that no one needs at home, about gangsters and stupid officials. In the same years, the writer broke out a conflict with a mother who did not want to see an adult in Ernest.

The result of several quarrels and hassles was that Hemingway took all his things from the OK-park and moved to Chicago. In this city, he continued to cooperate with Toronto Stao, simultaneously engaged in editorial work in the journal Coopmonels. In the book “A holiday that is always with you”, Ernest will write: there was no hot water and sewage. But a good view opened from the window.

On the floor lay a good spring mattress, which served us with a comfortable bed. On the wall hung paintings that we liked. The apartment seemed bright and comfortable. Hemingway was to work a lot to have a livelihood and allow itself to travel around the world in the summer months. And he begins to send his stories to Toronto Star weekly. The editors expected from the writer the sketches of European life, details of everyday life and customs.

This gave Ernest the opportunity to choose topics for essays and work out their style on them. Hemingway's first works were essays ridicuating American tourists, “golden youth” and life -burners who poured into the post -war Europe for cheap entertainment “Here is what is Paris”, “American Bohemia in Paris”, etc. In Ernest, he meets Sylvia Beach, mistress of the Bookstore “Shakespeare and Company”.

Between them, warm friendly relations are tied. Hemingway often spends time in the institution of Sylvia, rents a book, gets acquainted with Parisian bohemia, writers and artists, who are also the regulars of the shop. One of the most interesting and significant for the young Ernest was acquaintance with Gertrude Stein. She became a senior and more experienced comrade for Hemingway, he consulted with her about what he wrote, often talked about literature.

Gertrude neglected work in the newspaper and constantly convinced that the main purpose of Ernest was to be a writer. And when Joyce’s novel “Ulysses” was prohibited by censorship in the USA and England, he was able to establish illegal transportation and distribution of books through his friends in Chicago. The first real writer's success came to Hemingway Ernest after the “sun” - a pessimistic, but at the same time brilliant novel about the “lost generation” of young people who lived in France and Spain X.

In Ernest Hemingway, a collection of stories “Men without Women” was published, and “The winner does not receive anything”. They finally approved Hemingway in the eyes of readers as a unique author of short stories. And yet, the majority of Hemingway is remembered by the novel “Farewell, weapons! The book was an unprecedented success in America - even the economic crisis did not interfere with sales.

Here he is fond of fishing, travels on his yacht to the Bahamas, Cuba and writes new stories. According to the writer's biographers, it was at this time that the glory of a great writer came to him. Everything, marked by his authorship, was quickly published and diverged by numerous circulations. In the house where he spent several of the best years of his life, a writer’s museum was created.

The pilgrimage to him fans of Hemingway's talent does not stop for a single day. In the fall, Ernest fell into a serious car accident, which resulted in fractures, head injury and almost six -month period of restoration from injuries. The writer temporarily refuses the pencils that usually works, and begins to print on a typewriter. In him he took up the novel “Death in the afternoon”, where he described Corrida with great accuracy, introducing it as a ritual and a test of courage.

The book again became a bestseller, confirming Hemingway's status as an American writer “number one”.In Hemingway, he took up the collection of stories “The winner does not receive anything”, the income from which he planned to spend on the fulfillment of his long -standing dream - a long safari in East Africa. The book was again a success and at the end of that year the writer went on a journey.

Hemingway arrived in the area of ​​Lake Tanganyka, where he hired a service staff and guides from among representatives of local tribes, set up a camp and began to go hunting. In January, Ernest, returning from the next safari, fell ill with an amoebic dysentery. Every day the writer’s condition worsened, he raved, and the body was very dehydrated. A special plane was sent from Dar-Es-Salam for the writer, which took him to the capital of the territory.