Emperor Qin Shihuandi Biography

Qin Shi-Huandi. As the ruler of the kingdom of Qin, he won 6 Chinese kingdoms and created a single centralized empire. Under him, the construction of the Great Chinese wall began in. He was an unlimited head of state, which possessed the highest legislative, executive and judicial power; He introduced severe laws, the Institute of Inspectors to combat separatist trends and the system of punishment of government officials.

In an effort to stop any possibility of criticizing his regime, Qin Shihuandi issued a decree on the burning of humanitarian literature, stored in private meetings, and executed the Confucians, accusing them of inciting the population to speak against imperial power. In connection with continuous wars, the construction of fortifications, channels, palaces, etc. Materials of the Soviet military encyclopedia were used.

Terracotta warriors from the tomb of Emperor Qin Shi-Huandi. Near G. initially bore the name in Jean and was the hereditary prince of the kingdom of Qin. In the city of In Jean, he entered the throne. In the early years of his reign, the kingdom of Qin was actually ruled by a large dignitary Lui Bu-Wei. Over time, getting rid of his guardianship, In Zheng began to pursue an independent policy aimed at conquering neighboring kingdoms and the creation of an extensive empire.

Back in G. For several years, in Zheng successfully opposed the aggression of the allies, and soon he himself went on the offensive. As a result of continuous wars, a huge Chinese empire was created in the territory. In Zheng abandoned the previous title of Tian-Tzu “Son of the sky” and accepted the new-Qin Shu Juandi “The First Emperor Qin”, which at the same time became his new name, under which he went down in history.

Having made a short respite, Qin Shu Juandi continued conquering wars. In the south, he managed to subordinate the so-called Kingdoms of the Yue, located in the forest regions up to the South China Sea, including the current North Vietnam. In the north, the emperor pushed the Kochevnikov-Syunnov River. In order to stop their raids on the territory of China, Qin Shu Juandi ordered to begin the construction of a grand defensive structure -a giant of the Chinese wall.

The construction of the wall was originally sent to the construction of the wall. Then the emperor sent them another 2 million to the rescue. Many employees died from unbearable working conditions, their corpses were buried here in an earthen embankment against the wall. It took more than 10 years to build the wall. The Great Chinese wall stretched for almost 4 thousand.

Throughout its length, by every M, guard towers were built. The height of the wall reached 10 meters, its width was such that it could freely pass near the riders. In several places, a gate were arranged, which were well guarded; They turned into trading points with nomads. The construction of the wall required incredible tension of forces and large human losses from the Chinese people.

Following the example of the Reformer, Shana Yan Qin Shu Juandi divided his empire into forty regions of Zyun, which in turn were divided into Xian's districts. The population of the empire was forbidden to use ethnic self -name, instead the general name was introduced - "black -headed". The emperor also abolished aristocratic titles, thereby equalizing the generic aristocracy with the "Montenegrin".

He made no exception even for his sons and brothers, reducing them to commoners. In connection with the new territorial administrative division, Qin Shi Juandi introduced a new legislation, a single bureaucracy system, as well as inspection supervision, which controlled the activities of the entire managerial apparatus and subordinate personally to the emperor.

In the new tablet about the ranks of nobility, wealth and personal merits to the emperor became. With a special decree, Qin Shu Juandi ordered to remove all bronze weapons from the population. It was forbidden to acquire with iron weapons under the pain of death. With qin, Shu Juandi, weight, length and container measures were unified. A monetary reform was also carried out, which established a single copper coin.

The emperor ordered to simplify hieroglyphic writing. Qin Shi Juandi was the initiator of wide construction activities. For all cities of the empire, temples and palaces were built. However, the emperor paid special attention to his capital - Syanyan. To decorate Xiaanyan, he did not spare any means. The city spreads along the both banks of the Weihe River, through which the covered bridge was thrown.

On the left bank, the city itself was located with numerous streets, alleys, parks and magnificent palaces of the emperor and the highest nobility.

On the right bank of Weihe, an extensive imperial park has been spread out. A palace was built in the center of this park, surpassing everything that was created earlier with its luxury. For example, in the throne room of the palace, 10 thousand Qin Shu Juandi ordered to destroy all books of historical and philosophical content, only treatises on agronomy, mathematics and other practical knowledge were left.The emperor banned all private schools, leaving only state educational institutions in which teaching was conducted under the close observation of special inspectors.

Qin Shu Juandi pursued Confucianism; Thousands of followers of the Great Confucius were buried alive in the ground or sent to the construction of the Great Chinese Wall. During the reign of Qin Shu Juandi in China, taxes were repeatedly raised. By the end of his reign, the land tax reached two -thirds with the income of farmers. This caused a wave of protest. In some areas of China, uprisings broke out, which were suppressed by the army with particular cruelty: usually the entire population of the rebellious district was cut out.

Many representatives of the aristocracy were also unhappy with the cruel rule of Qin Shu Juandi and repeatedly made attempts on him. But all their attempts ended in failure. Qin Shi Juandi died at the age of 48. He was buried in a luxurious tomb, in which, in addition to the coffin with the body of the emperor, there was 6 thousand. This 6 thousandth “army” was supposed to “guard” the tomb of Qin Shu Juandi.

Materials of Prince. A brief biography of the rulers and generals of antiquity. Minsk, pacified the Celestial Qin Shi-Huandi. Chinese emperor from the Qin dynasty, who ruled in the GG. The first emperor Qin, Shi-Huandi, was the son of the Qinsky Zhuang-Sayan-Wan from his beloved concubine. At birth, he received the name Zheng "First". He was 13 years old when his father died, and Zheng became the ruler of Qin.

By this time, the kingdom of Qin was already one of the largest and strongest Chinese states. Zheng Wan had the last effort to unite the whole country under his power. At that time, five kingdoms opposed the Qinites in the east: Chu, Han, Wei, Zhao and Yan; Behind them on the ocean was located, in which they all looked for supports. Each of the six eastern kingdoms separately was much weaker than Qin, but together they represented serious power.

In order to destroy their union, Zhen-Wan spent a huge amount of gold to bribe the highest dignitaries of qi. As a result, most of them became Qin agents and pursued his policy. Advisers persuaded the Chinese Jian-Wan to conclude an alliance with Qin and abandon the support of their eastern neighbors. As a result, the Qinites got the opportunity to defeat them all alone.

Zheng-Wan again sent a large army against Zhao. But his brother give-wang Jia for six more years ruled in DAYA. Yan Van fled east, to Liaodun, and began to rule there. He spent a canal from the Juanhe and flooded Dalyan with water. The walls of the city collapsed, and Vai Van surrendered. After that, Qin completely took possession of Wei lands. Van Jian attacked Chu and reached Pinoi.

Zheng-Wan sent a large army led by Van Ban against Yan Liaodun. Yan Van Si was captured. On the way back, Van Ben attacked Dai and captured Dai Van Jia. After all these victories, the kingdom of qi turned out to be covered by the possessions of Qin on three sides. The unification of China was completed. Zheng-Wan accepted the title of Shi-Huandi literally "the first ruler-emperor." Residents of the six eastern kingdoms became qin's subjects.

For them, this meant not only the change of lord, but in many ways a change in the whole image of their life. The main ideology in Qin, in contrast to other kingdoms where Confucianism spread, was the teachings of Fazja, or legism. Contrary to the views of the Confucians, the legists believed that the prosperity of the state does not depend on the virtues of the sovereign, but on the strict and steady execution of laws.

The political activity of Shi-Zuandi and his dignitaries was based only on the logic of the law. In this regard, any deviation from the law for the motives of kindness or humanity has been read by unreasonable weakness. The harsh justice was identified with the will of the sky, and the service of her, according to the concepts of Shi-Huang-Di, was the main virtue of the sovereign.