Yaroslav the Old Russian biography

Yaroslav was married to the daughter of the Swedish king Olav - Ingigerde. In ancient Russian sources, two names of the wife of Yaroslav - Irina and Anna are mentioned. Probably, Irina Ingigerd took the name of Irina at baptism, and the name of Anna when tonsured in the nun before death. It was under the name of Anna that the Russian Orthodox Church canonized the Ingigerd as the first princess, who took tonsure before his death.

The first period of the life of Yaroslav the Wise is connected with the struggle for the Kyiv throne. As soon as he matured his father, his father put him to reign in Rostov, and about a year after the death of Vysheslav the eldest son of Vladimir Svyatoslavich, Yaroslav becomes the Novgorod prince.

In the year, he refused to pay tribute to Kyiv, which caused his father's anger. Vladimir ordered him to go to go to Novgorod, but on July 15, he died. According to the "Tale of Bygone Years", the Kiev throne was captured by the Turovsky prince Svyatopolk, the Conducted, half -brother of Yaroslav Vladimirovich. Wanting to eliminate possible rivals, Svyatopolk killed the brothers, the Rostov Prince Boris, the Murom Prince Gleb, the Drevlyansky Prince of Svyatoslav.

He tried to kill Yaroslav, but Pereslav’s sister warned him in time. Arounded by the support of Novgorodians, Yaroslav in December in the Battle of Luba defeated the Svyatopolk and occupied Kyiv. Svyatopolk did not reconcile his defeat, and in the year, along with the test, the Polish king Boleslav Brave, invaded Rus'. Good luck accompanied Svyatopolk, he managed to defeat Yaroslav in the battle of Bug and recapture Kyiv.

Yaroslav fled to Novgorod, from where he intended to leave for Scandinavia. But the Novgorodians chopped the princely boats and forced Yaroslav to continue the struggle. In the battle of Alt in the year, Svyatopolk suffered a crushing defeat, and Yaroslav again took the Kiev table. After the victory over Svyatopolk, Yaroslav began the struggle with another brother Tmutarakan Prince Mstislav.

In the battle of Lasty, the victory was on the side of Mstislav, but he did not claim the Kiev throne. Yaroslav hid in Novgorod, sending his posadniks to Kyiv. In the year, according to the peace treaty concluded by Gorodets, Yaroslav received the land to the west of the Dnieper, with the center in Kyiv, and Mstislav was east of the Dnieper, with the center in Chernigov.

Only after the death of Mstislav, Yaroslav becomes a “autocratic” in Rus'. After the larch, Yaroslav’s lifestyle changes sharply. Perhaps the reason for the refusal of the prince of military activity was a severe injury that he received during the fight against the brothers: the examination of the remains of Yaroslav showed that his leg was cut, at the end of his life he could hardly move without outside assistance.

In any case, since the year, the main activity of the prince has been associated with enlightenment and Christianization of Rus'. In the years, in Kyiv, on his orders, the fortifications of the city of Yaroslav, the Golden Gate with the gate Annunciation Church, the Sophia Cathedral, were founded, the monasteries of Saints George and Irina were founded. The prototypes of these buildings were structures of Constantinople and Jerusalem; They were designed to symbolize the movement of the Center for the Orthodox World to Kyiv.

The completion of construction coincided with the creation of a “word about the law and grace”, which was uttered on March 25. Then the first Russian chronicle was written - the oldest arch. The "Tale of Bygone Years" contains a commendable review of the educational activities of Yaroslav. According to the chronicle, the prince took care of the translation into Russian of Greek books, which formed the basis of the library of the Sophia Cathedral.

Yaroslav is also attributed to the compilation of the first code of “Russian Pravda”. Under Yaroslav Wise, the process of unification under the rule of the Kyiv prince of all East Slavic lands ended. In the years, the princely squads made campaigns on Poland, Lithuania, and the tribes of Em. In the year, the Russians defeated the Pechenegs. Excessive politics Yaroslav achieved the strengthening of the authority of the Old Russian state.

On his initiative, the Novgorod Prince Vladimir Yaroslavich in the year launched a campaign of Rus' on Byzantium, which, however, ended with failure. For about a year, the Kyiv Metropolitan for the first time became a Russian native of Hilarion, who defended the independence of his diocese from Constantinople. Many children of Yaroslav were connected by family ties with representatives of the ruling dynasties of Central and Western Europe.

The annals of the death of Yaroslav are contradictory; It is believed that he died on February 20, but this date is disputed by many historians. Before his death, Yaroslav bequeathed the Kiev throne to the eldest of the surviving sons, the Novgorod prince Izyaslav, punished his sons to live in the world. The nickname "wise" was fixed for Yaroslav in Russian historiography in the second half of the 19th century.