Biography of Chekhov Taganrog

Father - Pavel Egorovich - was a very interesting person. Being a merchant of the 3rd guild, he was engaged in trade without much zeal, paying attention to visiting church services, singing and public affairs. The situation in the Czech house was traditional-patriarchal: children were brought up in severity, and bodily punishments were often used, no one was allowed to loom.

In addition to studying at the gymnasium, the sons of Pavel Egorovich had to replace his father in the shop, of course, to the detriment of classes. In the evenings they sang in chorus. Father played the violin perfectly, sang, Masha accompanied the piano, in general, whole musical family performances were arranged. Children played scenes invented by Anton, and many heroes of home performances “came to life” later in his stories.

Mother - Evgenia Yakovlevna, a beautiful mistress, very caring and loving, lived exclusively with the life of children and her husband. But at the same time she passionately loved the theater, although she visited it infrequently. In early youth, she was given to the Taganrog private boarding house of noble girls, where she studied dancing and good manners. Evgenia Yakovlevna had a huge impact on the formation of the characters of her children, raising in them responsiveness, respect and compassion for weak, oppressed, love of nature and the world.

Anton Pavlovich said that "the talent is in us from the side of the father, and the soul is from the mother." In the "Little Fligel on Police Street" now the Museum of the Chekhov Museum on the street. Chekhov, where Anton was born, the family lived for about two years. C to gg. The father took the first floor under the grocery shop, and the whole family lived on the second.

At the request of his father, Anton spent the long hours in the bench - he talked to the goods, tried to make lessons. The naive teenager was unlikely to realize at that time that many types “spied” by him here will fall on the pages of his future works. In August, Chekhov led the eight -year -old Anton to the preparatory class of the male classical gymnasium now the gymnasium named after Chekhov, where his older brothers studied.

There was strict discipline in the gymnasium. One of the prohibitions was a visit to the theater without the permission of the bosses of the gymnasium, and Anton had to be in Kartsere more than once because of the theater’s passion. The future writer studied in the best way, moreover, he remained twice in the second year. Anton loved to read. Constantly took books in the 1st Public City Library, which opened in G.

read a lot, unsystematic, loved humorous magazines and collections of the then popular theater Anton became carried away at 13 years old and loved him until the end of his days. For the first time he got to the theater now the Taganrog Drama Theater. Chekhov with his brother Ivan in the city of Anton eagerly took part in the musical and literary evenings, held in the gymnasium hall.

During the years of study in high school, he published a manuscript humorous magazine Zaika. From the gymnasium youth, the inspector of the gymnasium A. Dyakonov fell into the story of Chekhov - he became the prototype of the teacher Belikov in the story "Man in a case." And the tragic fate of the teacher of ancient languages ​​V. Starova is described by Chekhov in the story “Ariadne”.

Of the gymnasium years, one of the pseudonyms of Antosha Chekhont was taken by Chekhov. Over the years of studying at the gymnasium, Anton Chekhov has accumulated many life impressions that “spilled out” on paper in the form of small stories, parodies that Anton sent to Moscow to his brother Alexander for criticism. He wrote the play-comedy “Found a braid on a stone” and vaudeville “No wonder the chicken sang”.

At the summer, he is experiencing a family drama - the ruin of his father and the family move to Moscow, and remains in Taganrog for a certain purpose - to finish the gymnasium. During these years, Chekhov wrote the drama "Donsterism". The result of summer studies at the gymnasium was the maturity certificate received by A. Chekhov on June 15. This was the first important document in the life of the summer Anton, which gave the right to enter any Russian or foreign university without entrance exams.

For those who were going to continue their studies, the Taganrog City Duma established 10 scholarships in the amount of rubles a year. Anton Chekhov became such a scholarshipant. Since that time, the continuous literary activity of Anton Pavlovich Chekhov begins. He writes mainly in the genre of a short story, humor, scenes, signing a pseudonym - “Antosha Chekhonte” or “Man without a spleen”.

After graduating from the university, Chekhov begins the practice of a county doctor in Voskresensk now - the city of Istra, in the hospital of the famous doctor P. At this time, stories such as “Fugitive”, “Surgery” appear. Then Chekhov works in Zvenigorod, temporarily leading the hospital. There are topics for such stories as “Dead Body”, “On the Aching”, “Siren”.

Since the spring of G., this best reflected in the work of Anton Pavlovich. Great nature, talk about music, art, literature, friendship with the artist Levitan. Chekhov works a lot and fruitfully. Upon returning to Moscow, to Grigorovich, he goes to St. Petersburg to express his respect and gratitude. In St. Petersburg, he suddenly receives an invitation to work from the famous publisher A.

Suvorin in the newspaper New Time.Collections of the works of this time - “colorful stories” G., with the beginning of regular cooperation with the newspaper, Chekhov refuses the pseudonym and signed by a full name. In the year in Moscow, in the Korsha Theater, very popular among the Moscow public, the first play by Chekhov “Ivanov” is staged. The reaction of the public was ambiguous: someone applauded loudly, someone stuck, some jumped up from the places and stomped with their feet, and the battle simply began on the gallery.

But in general, the performance was successful, although colorful. Chekhov noticed that the dramaturgy and plan of the play turned out to be new and interesting. The official dramatic activity of the writer began. Chekhov needed new places and new plots for his works, and, moreover, the cough increasingly began to torment the writer. Anton Pavlovich accepts writers in the country of his friends: Pleshcheev, Barantsevich, book publisher Suvorin.

With Suvorin, Chekhov has a real friendship, which lasted many years. There, the Chekhovs hold the Czechs and the summer of G. this event greatly affected Chekhov, he, soon after the funeral, leaves the cottage, begins to gather abroad, but is in Odessa. The Maly Theater toured here, and Chekhov meets the young artist Panova, for whom later, already in Moscow, they are trying to unsuccessfully match him.

After Odessa, Chekhov goes to Yalta, depression takes possession of them. In Yalta, an acquaintance with the sisters of the Shavrovs takes place, with one of which, Elena Mikhailovna, the writer, Chekhov subsequently corresponds, troubles about the publication of her works, gives professional advice. Returning to Moscow, to Sadovo-Kudrinskaya, Chekhov is actively accepted for literary work.

Soon, the “Boring History” and the play “Leshy” come out of the pen Anton Pavlovich. The play “Leshy” was unsuccessfully set, Chekhov removed it from the repertoire, and a few years later he remade, giving a new name - “Uncle Vanya”. In the house on Sadovo-Kudrinskaya, the story “Steppe” was also written, “Bear”, “Swan Song”, more than a hundred stories. And this despite the fact that the houses were almost constantly in the house.

On the second floor, young people were pushed, piano sounded, there were conversations, and at this time on the ground floor of Chekhov sat at the table and wrote. In this house, Chekhov meets L. Mizinova, a “beautiful face”, as he later called her. Very beautiful, cheerful, smart, Lika became the favorite of the Chekhov family. Lensky and V. Davydov, publisher Leikin, writer N.

The fourth collection of stories “Gloomy people” Chekhov devoted to Tchaikovsky. In the year, by decision of the Academy of Sciences, the writer receives the half Pushkin Prize for the third collection of stories “At Twilight”. Despite all growing fame and huge literary successes, Chekhov is dissatisfied with himself, he strives not for glory, but for creative activity.

In the year, Chekhov goes to Siberia to then visit the island of Sakhalin - the place of exile convicts to hard labor. The writer, in its entirety, displayed a journey along the Siberian rivers and roads in the essays “in Siberia”. The ascetic work was carried out by Chekhov on Sakhalin. He made the census of the island’s population, amounting to about 10 thousand statistical cards.

A huge amount of documentary material about work, the life of the Sakhalin convicts and local residents, on prison chiefs and bureaucratic arbitrariness was collected. Chekhov visited prisons, studied their technical and sanitary condition in detail, met and talked with many people. After returning from Sakhalin, Chekhov systematized his notes and wrote the book “Sakhalin Island”.

This work caused a huge resonance in Russia. Officials paid attention to Sakhalin.